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ABE REVIEWS > PART II > Flashcards

PART II Flashcards

Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, Farm Irrigation and drainage, and allied subjects

1
Q

The application of engineering and biological principles to the solution of soil and water management problems

A

Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

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2
Q

utilization of resources without or minimal waste

A

Conservation

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3
Q

maintaining the quality unchanged

A

Preservation

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4
Q

Total land area of the Philippines

A

300,00 km^2 or 30M ha

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5
Q

what does BSWM mean?

A

Bureau of Soil and Water Management

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6
Q

This bureau is under DA and is assigned to implement projects like development of small-scale irrigation projects

A

BSWM (Bureau of Soil and Water Management)

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7
Q

In charge of large irrigation projects (NIS, CIS, PIS)

A

NIA

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8
Q

Irrigation efficiency of the Philippines according to World Bank

A

39.13%

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9
Q

estimated hectarage of arable land

A

4.6 Mha

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10
Q

The detachment and transport of soil particles by natural or anthropogenic causes

A

Soil erosion

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11
Q

the susceptibility of the soil to be eroded

A

Soil erodibility

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12
Q

The capacity of rainfall to cause erosion

A

rainfall erosivity

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13
Q

The uniform removal of soil in thin layers from sloping land, resulting from sheet or overland flow

A

Sheet erosion

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14
Q

The splash and sheet erosion combined

A

Interill erosion

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15
Q

the detachment of soil by a concentrated flow of water

A

Rill erosion

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16
Q

produces channel larger than rills, and which cannot be obliterated by normal tillage

A

Gully erosion

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17
Q

consists of soil removal from stream banks or soil movement in channel

A

Streambank erosion

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18
Q

Classification of gully erosion: less than or equal to 1m gully depth and less than or equal to 2ha drainage area

A

Small

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19
Q

Classification of gully erosion: 1-5m gully depth and 2-20ha drainage area

A

Medium

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20
Q

Classification of gully erosion: greater than 5m gully depth and greater than 20ha drainage area

A

Large

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21
Q

Arrange the stages
I. Healing stage
II. Channel erosion by downward scour of topsoil
III. Upward movement of gully head and enlargement of gully width
IV. Stabilization stage

A.I, II, III, IV
B. IV, III, II, I
C. II, III, I, IV
D. II, III, IV, I

A

C

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22
Q

Fraction of sheet and rill erosion that actually reaches the reference point of discharge

A

Sediment Delivery Ratio

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23
Q

Planting along contours or land surface with the same elevation

A

Contouring

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24
Q

alternate planting of 2 or more different crops along contour

A

Strip cropping

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25
Q

placement of crop residues, plastic, or other synthetic materials around the base plant or throughout the field to reduce evaporation from land surface

A

Mulching

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26
Q

grasses and other erosion-retarding vegetation planted alternatively with rows of crops, along contours

A

Hedgegrows and grass boundary

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27
Q

alternate planting of different crops on successive planting seasons

A

Crop rotation

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28
Q

structure across a stream to control or divert the flow, measures the flow of water

A

Weir

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29
Q

water conveyance and control structure with considerable slope, conveying water from a higher to a lower elevation

A

Chute

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30
Q

Water conveyance and control structure with a 90 degree water drop

A

Drop spillway

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31
Q

Water conveyance and control structure with water inlet mechanism

A

Drop inlet

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32
Q

natural or artificial channel that shortens a meandering stream. The purpose of this is to increase the velocity, to shorten the channel length and to decrease the length of levees

A

Cut-offs

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33
Q

A synthetic permeable textile material used with soil, rock or any other geotechnical engineering related material

A

Geotextile

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34
Q

Annual soil erosion rate formula
E=RKLSCP ,

A

Annual soil erosion= rainfall and runoff erosivity factor *Soil erodibility factor *Slope length factor *slope gradient factor *cover and crop management factor *erosion control practices or conservation practice factor`

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35
Q

Entrainment of solid material into a water body of channel and its further effects and consequences

A

Sediment Transport

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36
Q

process of deposition of sediment to downstream location

A

Sedimentation

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37
Q

rate of sediment flow

A

Sediment Load or discharge

38
Q

Sediment or soil particles suspended in the water body and has more harmful effect due to its higher transportability

A

Suspended Load

39
Q

Sediment near or few inches from the stream bed and move by crawling or sliding

A

Bed load

40
Q

Sediment transported by saltation or jumping

A

Saltation

41
Q

Is a conduit in which a liquid flows with a free surface

A

Open channel

42
Q

Flow having a free surface and subjected to atmospheric pressure

A

open channel flow

43
Q

Flow confined in a closed conduit, has no free surface and exerts no direct pressure but hydraulic pressure only

A

Pipe flow

44
Q

Continuity equation Q=V1A1= V2=A2. Energy grade line, hydraulic grade line, and channel bed are _____, the flow is uniform

A

parallel

45
Q

Depth of flow does not change or if it can be assumed to be constant during the time interval under consideration

A

Steady flow

46
Q

usually a long and mild-sloped channel built in the ground which maybe line or unlined

A

Canal

47
Q

is a channel made of wood, metal or concrete supported above the surface of the ground to carry water across a depression

A

Flume

48
Q

channel having a steep slope

A

Chute

49
Q

Similar to chute, but the charge in elevation is effected in a short distance

A

Drop

50
Q

A covered channel or comparatively short length installed to drain water through a highway and railroad embankments

A

Culvert

51
Q

Comparatively long covered channel used to carry water through a hill or any obstruction on the ground

A

Open-Channel tunnel

52
Q

A channel built with uniform cross-section and constant bottom slope

A

Prismatic Channel

53
Q

The vertical distance of the lowest point of the channel section from the free surface

A

Depth flow

54
Q

The elevation or vertical distance of the free surface above a datum

A

Stage

55
Q

The width of the channel section at the free surface

A

Top width

56
Q

The cross-sectional area of the flow normal to the direction of the flow

A

water area

57
Q

The length of the line of intersection of the channel wetted surface with a cross-sectional plane normal to the direction of flow

A

Wetted perimeter

58
Q

ratio of water area to its wetted perimeter

A

Hydraulic radius

59
Q

ratio of the water area and the top width

A

Hydraulic depth

60
Q

What is the unit value of E when the rainfall kinetic energy formula is E=0.119+0.0873(logI)? (I=___/hr)

A

MJ/ha-mm

61
Q

the unit value of E when the rainfall kinetic energy formula is E=210.3+89(logI) (I=___/hr)

A

MT/ha-cm

62
Q

the unit value of E when the rainfall kinetic energy formula is E=916+331(logI) (I=___/hr)

A

ft-tons/acre-in

63
Q

The depth, water area, velocity, and discharge at every section of channel reach are constant

A

Uniform flow

64
Q

The energy line, water surface, and channel bottom are all parallel, that is, their slope are equal

A

Uniform flow

65
Q

Formula generally used in open channel conditions

A

Manning’s formula (V=Cm.R^0.67.S^0.5)

66
Q

Define the values of the Manning’s formula variables

A

V= velocity of the flow, Cm=Conversion factor which is 1..49 for English units, and 1.0 for metric units, R=hydraulic radius which is equal to A/P, and S=Slope

67
Q

These are lined and built-up channels which can withstand erosion satisfactorily. Lining material maybe stone masonry, steel, cast iron, timber, glass and plastic

A

Non-erodible channel

68
Q

It is the velocity that will not start sedimentation and will not include the growth of aquatic plants and moss

A

Minimum permissible velocity or the non-silting velocity

69
Q

The vertical distance from the top of the channel to the water surface at the design condition. It is provided to prevent waves or fluctuations in water surface from overflowing the sides

A

Freebpard

70
Q

The Manning coefficient of roughness for grassed channels is specifically known as

A

retardance coefficient

71
Q

the total land area that contributes to the flow of a particular water body and drains to a common outlet

A

watershed

72
Q

The divide between two areas drained by different river systems

A

watershed

73
Q

natural drainage areas within the boundary defined by the watershed divide

A

Catchment and basins

74
Q

a region drained by a large river system, implying a very large watershed or catchment

A

River basin

75
Q

The process of guiding and organizing land and other resources uses in a watershed to provide desired goods and services without adversely affecting soil and water resources

A

Watershed Management

76
Q

an inundation or overflow from river or other body of water, excess amount of water level in a stream channel above its capacity to carry or handle

A

flood

77
Q

low lying areas which are frequently flooded

A

flood plain

78
Q

The reduction of flood hazards and the ensuing damage to any given region of a flood plain to a minimum, consistent to the cost involved

A

Flood protection or flood damage mitigation

79
Q

floods that occur from storms of low intensity having a duration of a few days to several weeks

A

large-area floods

80
Q

floods that occur from storms of high intensity having a duration of 1 day or less

A

Small-area flood

81
Q

storage confinement for other water use

A

Storage reservoir (dam)

82
Q

structure or provision to reduce the peak discharge of flood by temporarily delaying the flow and reducing the velocity

A

Detention reservoir

83
Q

includes all measures that will reduce flood flows in watershed of small rivers and their tributaries

A

headwater flood control

84
Q

measures that reduces the impacts of flood in the outlets and lower reaches of the watershed, including floodplains

A

downstream flood control

85
Q

include those that affect the channel itself and those reduce sediment from upper tributaries; as well as maintenance in the channel to prevent the collection of debris and to reduce sediment from eroding banks

A

Preventive maintenance

86
Q

The process of determining the stage height, storage volume, and outflow rate from a reservoir or a stream reach for a particular inflow hydrograph

A

Flood routing

87
Q

includes those measures that increase the channel capacity like increasing cross section (deepening or widening the channel), increasing velocity (deepening the channel or lowering the water level at the outlet, and straightening)

A

Channel improvement

88
Q

accomplished by spreading the inflow over a considerable area. This method is applicable only in special situations, particularly in arid regions

A

underground storage

89
Q

Natural or artificial channel that shortens a meandering stream. its purpose is to increase the velocity, to shorten the channel length and to decrease the length of leeves

A

Cutoff

90
Q

embankments along streams or on flood plains designed to confine the river flow to a definite width for the protection of surrounding land from overflow. These may be designed either to confine the river flow for a considerable distance or to provide local protection

A

levees

91
Q
A
92
Q
A

ABE REVIEWS (4 decks)

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