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Anatomy Unit 3 > Part II > Flashcards

Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum consists of which two layers?

A

1) paritetal layer lining abdominal and pelvic walls.

2) visceral layer invests organs.

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2
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity closed or open in males?

A

closed. No natural communication to outside environment.

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3
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity closed or open in females?

A

The uterine tube is not covered by peritoneum. It allows the transportation of the ovulated egg. The peritoneum is connected to the environment via: uterine tube-uterus-cervix-vagina.

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4
Q

What layer separates the parietal peritoneum from the body wall?

A

extra peritoneal connective tissue.

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5
Q

What is the definition of a mesentery?

A

It is a double layer of peritoneum attached to the body wall that encloses part/all of an organ. Supplied by vessels and nerves.

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6
Q

Is an organ in mesentery mobile?

A

yes. It allows movement of the organ.

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7
Q

What are four examples of mesentery?

A

transverse mesocolon, the mesentery, mesoappendix, sigmoid mesocolon.

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8
Q

What is the definition of an omentum?

A

It is a double-layered mesentery passing form the stomach and first part of the duodenum to another abdominal organ.

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9
Q

What is the greater omentum connected to?

A

It attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.

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10
Q

What is the lesser omentum connected to?

A

It attaches to the lessur cruvature of the stomach and inserts into the visceral surface of the liver.

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11
Q

What is the definition of a peritoneal ligament?

A

a mesentery or omental structure that is strengthened by underlying connective tissue.

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12
Q

Do ligaments allow for movement of their suspended organs?

A

Not really. Serve as anchors.

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13
Q

What are examples of peritoneal ligaments?

A

Hepatoduodenal, gastrosplenic, splenorenal, gastrophrenic, falicifrom, and coronary ligament of liver.

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14
Q

What are peritoneal folds?

A

Reflection of peritoneum that overlies a structure associated with teh body wall.

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15
Q

What are three peritoneal folds and their underlying structures?

A

1) median- urachus
2) medial- umbilical arteries
3) lateral- inferior epigastric arteries

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16
Q

What is an intraperitoneal organ?

A

It is any organ that is suspended by a mesentery, omentum, or ligament into the abdominal/pelvic cavity.

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17
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

A

Any organ that is covered on one side by peritonium and is embedded in the body wall.

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18
Q

What regions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

regions 2 and 3.

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19
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal? (4)

A

Kidney, ureter, supradrenal glands, urinary baldder.

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20
Q

Describe the different parts of the colon as retroperitoneal or peritoneal.

A

1) ascending- retroperitoneal
2) transverse- peritoneal
3) descending- retroperitoneal
4) sigmoid- peritoneal.

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21
Q

What organs are accessed by the greater sac?

A

It is the larger of the two sacs. It allows access to liver, anterior stomach, colon, and jejunum/ileum, uterus.

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22
Q

The greater sac is divided into what two compartments and describe their regions.

A

1) supracolic compartment: area is superior to the transverse colon and its mesentery and is partially under cover of the costal margin and diaphragm.
2) Inffracolic compartment. Region inferior to transverse colon to the pelvic cavity.

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23
Q

What organs are associated with the supracolic compartment?

A

liver, stomach, spleen.

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24
Q

What organs are associated with the infracolic compartment?

A

jejunum, ilium, and colon.

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25
Q

Where is the lesser sac located in relation to the stomach?

A

It is located posterior to the stomach.

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26
Q

What is the name of the only connection between the greater and lesser sacs?

A

The epiploic foramen.

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27
Q

What defines the superior border of the lesser sac?

A

the posterior part of coronary ligament and diaphragm.

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28
Q

What defines the left border of the lesser sac?

A

gastrophrenic, splenorenal, gastrosplenic ligaments.

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29
Q

What defines the inferior border of the lesser sac?

A

transverse mesocolon, greater omentum, and transverse colon.

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30
Q

What defines the posterior border of the lesser sac?

A

posterior abdominal wall, pancreas, left adrenal gland, and left kidney

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31
Q

What defines the anterior border of the lesser sac?

A

lesser omentum and posterior surface of the stomach.

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32
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

A

the hepatodueodenal ligament (with portal vein, common bile duct, and proper hepatic artery)

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33
Q

What is the superior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

A

caudate lobe of the liver

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34
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

A

first part of the duodenum

35
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

A

vena cava and right part of diaphragm.

36
Q

What are peritoneal recessess?

A

They are blind pouches which open into the peritoneal cavity. Associated with transitioning between retroperitoneal to peritoneal.

37
Q

name 3 different recesses and where they are formed:

A

1) paraduoudenal recess- where 3rd/4th part of doudenum are (retro-peri).
2) retroceccal recess- from ilium to ascending colon.
3) intersigmoid recess.

38
Q

Where are the paracolic gutters located?

A

Peritoneal-lined depressions that form between the lateral sides of the ascending and descending colon and abdominal wall. Fluids can flow between abdominal and pelvic cavities.

39
Q

What are the functions of the peritoneum?

A

secrete fluid to minimize friction, resists infection, forms adhesions to protect damaged organs, and allows rapid absorption of drugs.

40
Q

What nerves supply the parietal peritoneum?

A

intercostal, lumbar, and sacral nerves.

41
Q

What kind of sensations is the parietal peritoneum able to have?

A

pain, touch, and termperature

42
Q

What two nerves innervate the thoracic diaphragm?

A

Inercostal nerves to the margin. The phrenic nerves to central diaphragm.

43
Q

What kind of sensations can the visceral peritoneum sense?

A

It can only sense stretching like the visceral pericardium and pleura.

44
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflmattion of the peritoneum from ruptured appendix or perforated colon. Very dangerous.

45
Q

Flluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity is called what?

A

ascites

46
Q

The stomach has a rest size of _______and a capacity of ______

A

50-75 ml and 2-3L

47
Q

Name the 5 anatomical regions of the stomach:

A

cardiac, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, and pyloric canal.

48
Q

Which part of the stomach is the secretory portion?

A

the body.

49
Q

What portion of the stomach is connected to the esophagus?

A

the cardiac portion.

50
Q

Where is the lesser curvature located on the stomach?

A

superior margin of the stomach associated with lesser omentum

51
Q

Where is the greater curvature of the stomach located?

A

found along the inferior/lateral margin of sthe stomach. Associated with gastrosplenic ligament and greater omentum.

52
Q

The cardiac notch is located between what two structures of the stomach?

A

The fundus and cardiac region.

53
Q

The angular notch demarcates the border between these two regions of the heart?

A

body and pyloric region.

54
Q

The junction of the esophagus and stomach are strengthened by what ligaments?

A

Ascending/descending phrenosphageal ligaments. (junction lacks a valve)

55
Q

What nerves control the pyloric sphincter?

A

It is smooth muscle and therefore is controlled by the autonomic system.

56
Q

The diaphragm is in direct contact with which region of the stomach?

A

The fundus region.

57
Q

Which organ is superior the body and pylorus?

A

The left lobe of the liver.

58
Q

Which organ is located to the left of the body of the stomach?

A

The spleen.

59
Q

What structures are inferior/posterior to the body of teh stomach?

A

the transverse colon and the left colic fissure.

60
Q

What structure is anterior to the stomach?

A

the abdominal wall

61
Q

The bed of the stomach includes which retroperitoneal structures?

A

pacnreas, left kidney/adrenal, diaphragm, celiac artery, splenic arter/vein, terminal aprt of superior mesenteric artery and vein.

62
Q

What peritoneal structures are found in the bed of teh stomach?

A

the spleen and transverse colon

63
Q

What provides the main arterial blood supply to the stomach?

A

The celiac trunk with its branches.

64
Q

What are the three branches of the celiac trunk?

A

left gastric, splenic, and common heaptic arteries.

65
Q

What part of the stomach is supplied by the left gastric artery?

A

The left half of the lesser curvature of the stomach.

66
Q

Which branch off of the left gastric artery supplies the cardiac region of the stomach?

A

The ascending esophageal branch.

67
Q

Where does the left gastric artery anastomose with the right gastric artery?

A

In the lesser curvature/lesser omentum.

68
Q

The splenic artery is in what relation with the pancreas?

A

It is superior to the superior margin of the body.

69
Q

Which ligament does the splenic artery enter near the spleen?

A

The splenorenal artery.

69
Q

How many branches off the splenic artery supply the spleen?

A

5-7 branches.

70
Q

Which arteries off of teh splenic artery supply the fundus of the stomach?

A

short gastric arteries.

71
Q

The left gastro-omental artery off of the splenic artery is associated with which part of the stomach?

A

The greater curvature. It anastomoses with the right gastro-o artery

72
Q

What two major branches come off of the common hepatic artery?

A

proper hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries.

73
Q

What is the first branch off of the proper hepatic artery?

A

The right gastric artery. Supplies the right half of the lesser cruvature of the stomach.

74
Q

What two major branches come off of the gastroduodenal artery?

A

right gastro-omental and superior pancreaticodueodenal artery.

75
Q

What part of the stomach does the right gastro-omental artery supply?

A

right half of the greater curvature

76
Q

The portal vein is formed by which two veins?

A

the splenic vein and th superior mesenteric vein.

77
Q

Which two veins drain into the splenic vein?

A

left gastro-omental vein and short gastric veins.

78
Q

Which vein doe the right and left gastric veins drain into?

A

the portal vein.

79
Q

Which vein does the right gastro-omental vein drauin into?

A

Superior mesenteric vein.

80
Q

Lymph nodes from the stomach drain into which cluster of nodes?

A

the celiac lymph nodes

81
Q

Which nerve supplies parasympathetics to the stomach?

A

The anterior vagal trunk.

82
Q

The stomach is supplied sympathetic fibers from which nerve?

A

The greater splanchnic nerve T5-9

83
Q

Which dermatomes correspond to pain in the stomach?

A

T7-T8. Via greater splanchnic.

Anatomy Unit 3 (3 decks)

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