Bagchi Bullshit Flashcards
How does the diameter of the small intestine change as it progresses from beginning to end?
It narrows.
The duodenum forms a C shape around which parts of which organ?
The head and neck of the pancreas.
The duodenom is divided into which four parts?
Superior, descending, horizontal, ascending.
What level is the superior part of the duodenum at?
L1
Which part of the superior part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal?
The distal part.
Where do most ulcers in the duodenum occur?
The proximal part of the superior part of the duodenum.
What 3 structures are anterior to the superior part of the duodenum?
peritoneum, gall bladder, and quadrate lobe of the liver.
What 4 structures are postieor to the superior part of the duodenum?
Bile duct, portal vein, inferior vena cava, gastroduodenal artery.
What structure is superior to the superior part of the duodenum?
the neck of the gallbladder.
What structure is inferior to the superior part of the duodenum?
the neck of the pancreas.
What level is the descending duodenum located at?
L1-L3.
The descending duodenum is right and parallel to which structure?
The inferior vena cava.
What 3 structures are anterior to the descending duodenum?
the transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, small intestine.
What4 structures are posterior to the descending duodenum?
hilus of the right kidney, renal vessels, ureter, right psoas major muscle.
What 3 structures are medial to the descending duodenum?
head of the pancreas, pancreatic duct, bile duct.
The horizontal part of the duodenum is at which level and what structures does it pass in front of?
It is at L3 level and passes anterior to the inferior vena cava and the aorta.
What 2 structures are anterior to the horizontal duodenum?
the superior mesenteric a/v, coils of small intestine.
What 4 structures are posterior to the horizontal duodenum?
right psoas major, inferior vena cava, aorta, ureter.
What 2 structures are superior to the horizontal duodenum?
head of the pancreas and superior mesenteric vessels.
What supports the duodenojejunal flexure?
The suspensory muscle of the duodenum.
What structures are anterior to the ascending duoduenum?
root of the mesentery and coil of jejunum.
What structures are posterior ot the ascending duodenum?
left psoas major muscle and left margin of the aorta.
What structure is medial to the ascending doubdenum?
head of pancreas
What structure is superior to the ascending duodenum?
The body of the pancreas.
Name the 4 duodenal recesses:
superior, inferior, retro, and paraduodenal
Which vein is carried by the paraduodenal recess?
The inferior mesentery vein.
What arteries supply the blood to the duodenum?
The superior;inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
The first part of the duodenum may receive blood from what 4 sources?
supraduodenal, right gastric, gastro-omental, and gastroduoudenal.
Describe the venous drainage of the duodenum.
Drain into portal venous system directly or into the mesenteric vein.
Which vein does the prepyloric vein drain into?
The right gastric vein.
What 3 lymph nodes drain the duodenum/
the pancreaticoduodenal nodes, pyloric nodes, superior mesenteric nodes.
What innervates the duodenum?
vagus and sympatheric nerves.
What is the pancreas’s relation to the stomach/
It is posteriorly located.
The pancreas is divided into what parts?
Head, neck, body, tail.
Is the pancreas peritoneal or retroperitoneal?
retroperitoneal except for tip of the tail.
What 3 structures are located posterior ot the head of the pancreas?
the inverior vena cava, the right renal vessels, and the bile duct.
What runs posteriorly to the neck of the pancreas?
The superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein formation.
The body of the pancreas is located between which two branches of the abdominal aorta?
The celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery.
The posterior body of the pancreas contacts which 4 structures?
aorta, superior mesenteric arteries, supradrenal gland, left kidney.
The tail of the pancreas passes between what?
The two layers of splenorenal ligaments.
Which 3 sphincters regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic juice.
pancreatic duct, hepatopancreatic, choleodochal.
What part of the pancreas does the acccessory duct drain?
part of the head.
What arteries supply the pancreas?
small branches off of the splenic artery and anterior/posterior pancreatoduodenal.
Which veins do the pancreativ veins drain into?
Portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric veins. Most into splenic.
Describe the lymph drainage of teh pancreas.
Pancreatiosplenic nodes, pyloric nodes. Draining into celiac, hepatic, and supeiror mesenteric nodes.
Which nerves innervate the pancreas?
Vagus and splanchinc nerves.
Which plexuses supply the autonomics to the pancreas?
celiac and supeiror mesenteric
Is the spleen periotoneal or retroperitoneal?
it is peritoneal.
Which two ligaments are associated with the hilum of the spleen?
gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments.
The diaphragmatic surface of the spleen contacts which ribs?
9-11.
Describe the blood supply to the spleen?
5-7 branches from the splenic artery. No anastomeses.
Which large vein drains into the splenic vein?
The inferior mesenteric vein.
What lymph nodes drain the spleen?
pancreaticosplenic.
The spleen is innervated by nerves from which plexus?
celiac plexus and is vasomotor.
The small intestine is held into place by which mesentery?
The mesentery. holds the jejunum and ileum.
Which part of the small intestine is located neart the umbilical region of the abdomen?
jejunum.
What are the circular folds in the small intestines called?
Plicae circulares
Describe the mesentery connecting the jejunum.
It is fat free and transparent.
Arterial supply to the jejunum is from what?
The jejunal branches of the superior mesenteric artery. (left side of it)
Which stretch of intestine has a longer vassa recta?
Jejunum.
Which vein drains the jejunum?
Superior mesenteric veins.
Lymph from the jejunum ends up in which lymph node?
superior mesenteric nodes
Describe the mesentery of the ileum.
Has abundant fat and therefore is less transparent.
Which artery supplies the ileum?
The ileal branches from the SMA.
What are the 3 bands of muscle on the large intestine called?
Taenia coli.
What are the sacs on the colon called?
haustra.
What are the outpouches of fat off of the colon called?
epiploic appendages.
What is the muscle that separates the ileum and cecum called?
the ileocecal valve. It is weak.
What physical characteristic marks the beginning of the rectum?
The termination of the taenia coli.
Which artery is the second branch of the abdominal aorta arising at the level of L1?
The sueprior mesenteric artery.
What are the three branches off of the superior mesenteric artery?
Right colic, ileocolic, and middle colic.
What part of the colon does the right colic artery supply?
The ascending colon.
What parts of the colon does the ileocolic artery supply?
ileum, cecum, and appendix.
What are the 5 branches coming off of the ileocolic artery?
ascending colic, anterior cecal, posterior cecal, appendicular, ileal branch.
What artery supplies the transverse colon?
the middle colic artery
Which artery is the main supply to the sigmoid colon?
inferior mesenteric artery arises at the level of L3.
What 3 branches come off of the inferior mesenteric artery?
left colic, sigmoid artery, and superior rectal artery.
What is the marginal artery?
results from the anastomeses of ileocolic, right, left, middle colic arteries.
Which nerves supply the cecum and appendix and ascending colon?
celiac and supieror mesenteric ganglia.
Which plexus innervates the transverse colon?
the supeiror mesenteric plexus.
What plexuses innervate the descending colon?
lumbar part of sympathetic trunk and superior hypogastric.
Which nerves supply the sigmoid colon?
superior hypogastric and pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Portal systemic anasstomis in the gastro-esophageal area?
left gastric vein (portal) with esophageal vein (azygos)
portal system anastomsis in the ano-rectal region?
superior rectal vein (portal) awith middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic)
Portal anastomsis in the paraumbilical region?
paraumbilcial veins anastomse with veins in anterior abdominal wall.
