Part I.2: DNA, chromosomes and cell division

Question 1

DNA structure

Define pyrimidines and purines

what is Chargaff’s rule?

Answer 1

Question 2

DNA synthesis

Where does replication start at? hint: 3 points
Nucleotides only add to which strand?
explain DNA synthesis
——— (enzyme) adds comp nucleotide to the3’ end of the new strand
what does RNA primer do and how is it made? what does it attract?
What happens to Okazakaki fragments eventually?
Difference between RNA and DNA

Answer 2

Question 3

Protein synthesis

What is the enzyme that starts transcription?

What is RNA processing and what does each do?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Removal of introns
Adding poly A tail to the 3’ end
Adding cap to 5’ end

Question 4

DNA organization

Size of double helix is——-
beads on string are….. and the size is…….
solenoid are……and the size……

Answer 4

2 nm
Nucleosome, 10 nm
6 histones form one nucleosome size is 30 nm

Question 5

Chromosome structure

Telomers contain…. repeats and how many?

How do telomeres synthesize?

Question 6

Explain cell cycle

Answer 6

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

Question 9

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Answer 9

Question 10

Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Answer 10

Question 11

Start codon:
Stop codon:

Answer 11

Start codon: AUG (ATG on DNA)
Stop codon: UAG, UGA, UAA