Part C Flashcards
1
Q
cotton gin
A
- invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. Dramatically reduced amount of time to refine cotton. Fewer slaves, less cost.
2
Q
West Point
A
- A large military post. Considered the most strategic position because of its S-shaped curve. General Benedict Arnold tried to turn the site over to the British Army in 1780 for a bribe.
3
Q
The Louisiana Purchase-
A
a land deal between the US and France. US bought 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for about $15 million.
4
Q
Lewis and Clark
A
Explored and mapped the newly bought lands in the west from the Louisiana Purchase.
5
Q
Aaron Burr
A
- third Vice President, serving during Thomas Jefferson’s first term. Involved in the Senate’s first impeachment trial of Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase. Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.
6
Q
War of 1812
A
- War between US and UK from June 1812 to February 1815. US declared for several reasons: trade restrictions brought about by the British War with France, the impressment (capturing) of 10,000 American merchant sailors, British support of the Native American tribes who were fighting European American settlers. Ended when both sides signed the Treaty of Ghent.
7
Q
Missouri Compromise
A
- an agreement passed as a law in 1820 under James Monroe. Its purpose was to settle tensions between pro- and anti-slavery states. Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was prohibited in the northern parts of the Louisiana Purchase.
8
Q
Election of 1824
A
- the only election in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the US Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote. It was also the first election where the popular vote was recorded. Andrew Jackson won more electoral votes, but lost the election, proclaiming the election of John Quincy Adams a corrupt bargain.
9
Q
John Marshall
A
- the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Served for 34 years. Played a large role in the expansion of federal power and in the development in the American legal system.
10
Q
McCulloch v. Maryland
A
- court case that strengthened federal power. States that states cant tax the national bank.
11
Q
Monroe Doctrine
A
- states that Europe cannot interfere with America or developing countries in the western hemisphere.
12
Q
Spoils System
A
- came about during Andrew Jackson’s presidency. Giving priority to friends and supporters for government positions even if they weren’t qualified; made the government more corrupt. Essentially, you could bribe your way in.
13
Q
Nullification
A
- a legal theory that a state has the right to invalidate any federal law that has been deemed unconstitutional.
14
Q
Roger Taney
A
- the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Delivered the majority opinion in the Dredd Scott v. Sandford case that ruled that African Americans, slave or not, could not be considered citizens of the US. Was made chief justice by Jackson.
15
Q
Democratic Party
A
- feared a strong central government, more in favor of state power. Opposed Hamilton’s national bank because it would increase federal power. Emphasized agriculture because Thomas Jefferson was from the South and the South had farmers.
16
Q
Alexis de Tocqueville
A
- a French diplomat, political scientist, and historian. Author of the book Democracy in America. Argued that the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state.
17
Q
Democracy in America
A
- in this book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous seven hundred years.
