Part B Flashcards
Lecture 17-21
What is the Law of Thermodynamics?
First: Energy in the universe is constant-it cannot be created nor destroyed, it only changed forms.
Second: The amount of entropy in the universe is increasing-when energy changes form, some is lost as heat.
What types of bonds have higher energy?
Bonds that have electrons attracted to a particular atom lose energy, the closer the electronegativity difference, the higher the energy.
What is the Change in Free Energy indicate?
Exergonic Reaction: negative free energy
Endergonic Reaction: positive free energy
What is the importance of enzymes in terms of energy?
- They perform exergonic reactions
- They perform endergonic reactions coupled with ATP hydrolysis
- Decreases the activation energy
- Does not affect the free energy
- Sensitive to pH and Temperatures
- They are regulated by competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
What is the difference between allergies and food intolerances?
Allergies: When a person’s immune system overreacts to a harmless molecule
Food Intolerance: When a person doesn’t make the enzyme needed to digest a molecule
What is the difference between Antibiotics and Antiseptics?
Antibiotics: Kill bacteria inside humans
Antiseptics: Kill bacteria outside humans
What are the Electron Shuttles?
NAD+ + 2e- + H+ —> NADH
NADP+ + 2e- + H+ —> NADPH
FAD + 2e- + 2H+ —> FADH2
Why is Photosynthesis the most important reaction on Earth?
Creates O2
Changes CO2 to a useable form of Carbon
Converts solar energy to a useable chemical energy
Why is visible light used for both vision and photosynthesis?
Visible light reaches the atmosphere closest to the surface of the Earth
Why are some parts of the plant green?
The parts of the plant that are green contain chloroplasts, and they absorb all light except for green which is reflected and that’s why they appear green
Why are some parts of plants not green?
They do not contain chlorophyll because they do not get sunlight
