part A (1)

Question 1

a mutation is a

Answer 1

random, permanent change in DNA sequence that can lead to a new allele and phenotype being produced

Question 2

mutations can be

Answer 2

caused due to environmental factors/mutagens.

Question 3

examples of mutagens are

Answer 3

chemicals, radiation (uv rays, x rays) benzoyl peroxide (found in some cosmetics)

Question 4

mutations occur

Answer 4

spontaneously- usually during processes like DNA replication, mistakes in copying DNA

Question 5

DNA is

Answer 5

genetic code (actg)

Question 6

chromosomes are

Answer 6

pieces of DNA in nucleus

Question 7

genes are

Answer 7

sections of DNA that code for certain traits

Question 8

alleles are

Answer 8

different versions of genes

Question 9

physical presentation of alleles

Answer 9

phenotype

Question 10

memorise the process!

Answer 10

every cell has set of DNA in nucleus
dna divid into GENES
dif base sequences in genes code for dif ALLELES
dif alleles code for dif PROTEIN
protein made by cell results in specific TRAIT
visible trait seen in organism is PHENOTYPE

Question 11

meiosis

Answer 11

process triggered by sex

Question 12

meiosis used for

Answer 12

producing gametes (sperm and ovum cells)

Question 13

mixing of chromosomes in meiosis

Answer 13

generates variation in gametes- chromosomes are had from
each parent

Question 14

mixing of chromosomes in meiosis

Answer 14

generates variation in gametes- chromosomes are had from
each parent

Question 15

Belgian blue’s phenotype?

Answer 15

double muscle

Question 16

double muscle caused by?

Answer 16

change in myostatin gene- codes for protein.

Question 17

the change in myostatin gene?

Answer 17

natural mutation in myostatin gene - increased number of muscle fibres INSTEAD of normal enlargement of single muscles

Question 18

what is Belgian Blue?

Answer 18

breed of cow caused by mutation which was then bred to create a population