Part (A)-(1) Flashcards
Allows to describe and give the location of the body structure
Anatomical Position
Superior
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above `
Inferior
Away from the head and or lower part of a structre of the body; below
Anterior
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer end of
Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
Superior
Toward or at the body surface
Deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
What does the circulatory system consist of? (3 parts)
Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels
What’s the job of the circulatory system? (3 Points)
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
Removes waste from cells
Maintains balance of water in the body
Description and role of Red Blood Cells
Contains hemoglobin; helps carry oxygen from lungs ot the body and retuans carbon dioxide from the body tothe lungs so it can be exhaled.
Description and role of Blood Plasma
Transports cells, proteins, hormones, and vitamins aroud the body and removes waste products
Description and role of White Blood Cells
Move through blood and tissue looking foreign invaders (microbes). Launch a immune attack.
Description and role of Platlets
Help stop bleed ing by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries.
Description and role of arteries
Carry blood away from the heart (ventricles) to tissues
Description and role of Veins
Carry blood from the tissues back to the heart. Contraction and relaxation of muscles assists movement of blood to the heart. Valves in veins prevent backward flow of blood.
Description and role of Capillaries
A small network of vessels. Feeds muscles, joints, tissues and organs in clusters.
The procees of blood vessels.
Heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart
Atrium
The receiving chamber of the heart
Ventricle
The propulsion chamber of the heart
Septum
Seperates the two ventricles and the two main atrium
Vena cava
Returns blood from the systematic system to the right atrium
Pulmonary Artery
Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs via circulatory system
Pulmonary Vein
Carries blood from lungs to left atrium
Aorta
Carries blood from left ventricle to the system circuit around the body
Atrioventricular Valves
Forced shut as the ventricles pressure increases, preventing back flow of blood into the atria when the ventircles are pumping, theyre called the tricuspid (between the right atrium and right ventricle) and bicuspid valve (between the left atrium and left ventricle)
Pulmonary Circuit
Circulates blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Sysetemic Circuit
Pumps blood from the left side of heart out to all body tissuees and then back to right side
What are the two types of blood circuits created by the heart
Pulmonary and sysematic circuit.
Description of the Pulmonary Circuit
Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium via 3 viens; superior/inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. From there blood flows into the right ventricle, pumoing it to the lungs via left anf right pulmonary ateries. In the lungs co2 is released and o2 is picked up.
Description of the Sysematic Circuit
Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins. The blood flows into the left ventricle, from where it is pumped up through the aorta and out fo the upper and lower body via a number of ateries.
What are the 4 major areas of the Sysematic Circuit?
Cornary Circulation
Portal Circulation
Muscle Circulation
Skin Circulation
Heart Rate
Number of beats per minute
Possible increases of heart rate
Fear, exercise, food ingestion, excitement smoking, age, temperature changes
Blood pressure
Pressure of the blood in the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body.
Systolic Pressure
Known as peak pressure; when blood flow and pressure surge each time the heart contracts
Diastolic Pressure
The pressure falls as the heart relaxes to fill
Stroke Volume
The volume of blood ejected into the aorta by one ventricle during contraction (systole)
Cardiac Output
The total volume of blood pumped from a ventricle per minute.
Maximum Heart Rate
Reaching the maximum point in the heart rate where it eventually levels off.
Cardiac Output Adaption to Exercise
Increases linearly with increase on intesity to exhuastion
SV Adaption to Exercise
Increases due to more blood returning to heart. Maximal SV occurs during sub-maximal work.
Systolic BP Adaption to Exercise
Increases linearly with increased exercise intensity due to an increase in Q
Overtime with training, the heart will become;
stronger
restig heart heart rate will decrease
Overtime with training, the heart will become;
Stronger
Resting heart rate will decrease
