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Exercise Science Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body > Part (A)-(1) > Flashcards

Part (A)-(1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Allows to describe and give the location of the body structure

A

Anatomical Position

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2
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above `

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3
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head and or lower part of a structre of the body; below

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

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5
Q

Posterior

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

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6
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer end of

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8
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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10
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

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11
Q

Superior

A

Toward or at the body surface

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12
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body surface; more internal

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13
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of? (3 parts)

A

Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels

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14
Q

What’s the job of the circulatory system? (3 Points)

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
Removes waste from cells
Maintains balance of water in the body

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15
Q

Description and role of Red Blood Cells

A

Contains hemoglobin; helps carry oxygen from lungs ot the body and retuans carbon dioxide from the body tothe lungs so it can be exhaled.

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16
Q

Description and role of Blood Plasma

A

Transports cells, proteins, hormones, and vitamins aroud the body and removes waste products

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17
Q

Description and role of White Blood Cells

A

Move through blood and tissue looking foreign invaders (microbes). Launch a immune attack.

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18
Q

Description and role of Platlets

A

Help stop bleed ing by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries.

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19
Q

Description and role of arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart (ventricles) to tissues

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20
Q

Description and role of Veins

A

Carry blood from the tissues back to the heart. Contraction and relaxation of muscles assists movement of blood to the heart. Valves in veins prevent backward flow of blood.

21
Q

Description and role of Capillaries

A

A small network of vessels. Feeds muscles, joints, tissues and organs in clusters.

22
Q

The procees of blood vessels.

A

Heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart

23
Q

Atrium

A

The receiving chamber of the heart

24
Q

Ventricle

A

The propulsion chamber of the heart

25
Q

Septum

A

Seperates the two ventricles and the two main atrium

26
Q

Vena cava

A

Returns blood from the systematic system to the right atrium

27
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs via circulatory system

28
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Carries blood from lungs to left atrium

29
Q

Aorta

A

Carries blood from left ventricle to the system circuit around the body

30
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Forced shut as the ventricles pressure increases, preventing back flow of blood into the atria when the ventircles are pumping, theyre called the tricuspid (between the right atrium and right ventricle) and bicuspid valve (between the left atrium and left ventricle)

31
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Circulates blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

32
Q

Sysetemic Circuit

A

Pumps blood from the left side of heart out to all body tissuees and then back to right side

33
Q

What are the two types of blood circuits created by the heart

A

Pulmonary and sysematic circuit.

34
Q

Description of the Pulmonary Circuit

A

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium via 3 viens; superior/inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. From there blood flows into the right ventricle, pumoing it to the lungs via left anf right pulmonary ateries. In the lungs co2 is released and o2 is picked up.

35
Q

Description of the Sysematic Circuit

A

Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins. The blood flows into the left ventricle, from where it is pumped up through the aorta and out fo the upper and lower body via a number of ateries.

36
Q

What are the 4 major areas of the Sysematic Circuit?

A

Cornary Circulation
Portal Circulation
Muscle Circulation
Skin Circulation

37
Q

Heart Rate

A

Number of beats per minute

38
Q

Possible increases of heart rate

A

Fear, exercise, food ingestion, excitement smoking, age, temperature changes

39
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure of the blood in the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body.

40
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Known as peak pressure; when blood flow and pressure surge each time the heart contracts

41
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

The pressure falls as the heart relaxes to fill

42
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The volume of blood ejected into the aorta by one ventricle during contraction (systole)

43
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The total volume of blood pumped from a ventricle per minute.

44
Q

Maximum Heart Rate

A

Reaching the maximum point in the heart rate where it eventually levels off.

45
Q

Cardiac Output Adaption to Exercise

A

Increases linearly with increase on intesity to exhuastion

46
Q

SV Adaption to Exercise

A

Increases due to more blood returning to heart. Maximal SV occurs during sub-maximal work.

47
Q

Systolic BP Adaption to Exercise

A

Increases linearly with increased exercise intensity due to an increase in Q

48
Q

Overtime with training, the heart will become;

A

stronger

restig heart heart rate will decrease

49
Q

Overtime with training, the heart will become;

A

Stronger

Resting heart rate will decrease

Exercise Science Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body (3 decks)

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