Part 7: Cadastral Survey Datasets

Question 1

Subpart 1 Rule 71: Content of a CSD?

Answer 1

[71] Content of a CSD

A CSD must include—
(a) a record of survey as specified in subpart 2; and
(b) a title plan as specified in subpart 4 whenever a new parcel is created; and
(c) a dataset description, including—
(i) parcel appellations for all new primary parcels; and
(ii) the survey purpose for land transfer CSDs; and
(iii) the appellation of the land under survey for land transfer CSDs; and
(d) a survey report in accordance with rule 72; and
(e) all relevant field information, in a form that ensures permanent usability; and
(f) an accurate record of the position of any new water boundary.

Question 2

Subpart 1 Rule 72: Information to be included in survey report?

Answer 2

[72] Information to be included in survey report

A survey report must contain the following information:

General Information

(a) the purpose for which the survey was conducted, including reference to the statutory provisions relevant to achieving that purpose where it is not otherwise clear:
(b) an explanation of why a CSD for Crown subdivision does not include a certificate under section 223 of the Resource Management Act 1991:

Bearings and levels

(c) the basis for determining the orientation of bearings:
(d) the basis for any bearing adjustment applied to an adopted bearing:
(e) the basis for determining the origin of levels:

Definition information

(f) details of any conflict and how it was resolved:
(g) reasons for not relying on an old survey mark:
(h) information about old survey marks searched for and not found, or destroyed, if the information cannot be recorded in the record of survey in accordance with rule 80(7):
(i) reasons for, and details of, decisions made about an existing boundary defined by survey, and the information considered in reaching those decisions:
(j) if a moveable marginal strip is included in a CSD, a description of the method used to determine its existence:
(k) information about the accuracy of the determination of any water boundary, water centre-line boundary, or irregular boundary, and the factors taken into account, as specified in rule 29(2):
(l) any information as to why the physical margin of the water boundary is no longer coincident with an adopted water boundary for the purpose of rule 10:

Boundary marking

(m) reasons why it was impracticable to mark any boundary point in terms of rule 35:
(n) details to support an exemption from marking a boundary point under the provisions in rule 35(1)(a) to (e):

Equipment

(o) a description of the type of equipment and methods used to ensure compliance with the accuracy standards in these rules:

Correspondence

(p) reference to any prior correspondence with LINZ about issues relevant to the application of these rules to the CSD:
(q) notification from the Maori Land Court of a non-standard appellation used under rule 44:
(r) notification from the Maori Land Court to support a boundary marking exemption under rule 35(1)(b).

Question 3

Subpart 1 Rule 73: Certification?

Answer 3

[73] Certification

A CSD must be certified and dated by the cadastral surveyor as follows:

“I [name], being a licensed cadastral surveyor, certify that—
(a) this dataset provided by me and its related survey are accurate correct, and in accordance with the Cadastral Survey Act 2002 and the Cadastral Survey Rules 2021; and
(b) this survey was undertaken by me or under my personal direction.”

Question 4

Subpart 1 Rule 74: Units of measure for CSDs?

Answer 4

[74] Units of measure for CSDs

(1) A distance and a reduced level must be expressed in metres.
(2) A bearing must be expressed in sexagesimal degrees, minutes, and seconds notation, clockwise from north.
(3) A bearing, a distance, a reduced level, and an area must be recorded to sufficient significant figures to reflect the accuracy requirements in these rules.
(4) A horizontal distance and area must be reduced to the ellipsoid used for the official geodetic datum as defined in Schedule 3.

Question 5

Subpart 1 Rule 75: Adopted information must match source?

Answer 5

[75] Adopted information must match source

(1) All adopted information, including accepted information other than the conversion of units of measure or the application of a bearing adjustment, must be copied from its source without change.
(2) The source is—
(a) the CSD that measured or calculated the value; or
(b) for a water boundary, a water centre-line boundary, or an irregular boundary, the CSD that measured or defined that boundary.

Question 6

Subpart 2 Rule 76: Record of survey?

Answer 6

[76] Record of survey

A record of survey must include—
(a) a survey diagram as defined in subpart 3; and
(b) a list of CSD’s used and, if a CSD number is not unique, the land district of the CSD; and
(c) if a field measurement has been made, the date on which the survey was completed; and
(d) the identity of any parcel that is to be extinguished, including a parcel for a future development unit; and
(e) the dataset description; and
(f) on every sheet, the CSD number, the sheet number, and the total number of sheets; and
(g) a statement of certification in accordance with rule 73.

Question 7

Subpart 2 Rule 77: Datum information?

Answer 7

[77] Datum information

A record of survey must include—
(a) if a bearing is included, the official projection; and
(b) if a reduced level is included, the vertical datum.

Question 8

Subpart 2 Rule 78: Vector information?

Answer 8

[78] Vector information

A record of survey must include—
(a) the source CSD number for each vector, distance, bearing, and arc that has been adopted; and
(b) any bearing adjustments applied to each CSD from which a bearing is adopted; and
(c) information indicating whether any bearing, distance, or arc has been calculated, measured, or adopted; and
(d) for measured vectors, the type of equipment used.

Question 9

Subpart 2 Rule 79: Boundary information?

Answer 9

[79] Boundary information

A record of survey must include the accuracy class of a right-line boundary, an arc boundary, and a height-limited boundary that is mathematically described.

Question 10

Subpart 2 Rule 80: Survey mark information?

Answer 10

[80] Survey mark information

(1) A record of survey must include all survey marks and points used for the purposes of the cadastral, but does not have include accepted boundary points.
(2) New survey marks and points, and renewed, reinstated, or disturbed survey marks, must be given a unique name that consists of the following components in the following order:
(a) an abbreviation that describes the physical mark type, “UNMK” if there is no mark:
(b) a unique alpha-numeric identifier:
(c) the CSD number.
(3) An existing survey mark with a name that is not unique may be made unique within the CSD by adding a unique numeric identifier within round brackets before the CSD number.
(4) An undisturbed old mark, removed mark, adopted mark, or point with a unique name must retain that name.
(5) A record of survey must indicate whether a survey mark is disturbed, renewed, or removed.
(6) A record of survey must identify a boundary point that is impracticable to mark in terms of rule 35.
(7) A record of survey must identify whether a survey mark is searched for and not found, or destroyed, but, if that information cannot be recorded in the record of survey, it must be included in the survey report in accordance with rule 72(h).
(8) For any PRM, the record of survey must describe the relationship to ground level and its situation, for example, on a berm, carriageway, kerb, or footpath.

Question 11

Subpart 2 Rule 81: Information about occupation and physical features?

Answer 11

[81] Information about occupation and physical features

(1) In this rule, occupation means the physical features that describe the extent of an occupier’s land.
(2) A record of survey must include the following occupation information in graphic form:
(a) the nature of the physical feature; and
(b) the age of the physical feature; and
(c) the relationship, by vector, distance, or description, between the occupation and the boundary or boundary position.
(3) Occupation information must be provided in relation to—
(a) each new primary parcel boundary point; and
(b) each existing boundary point that is being marked, or is required by rule 35(2) or 109(1) to be marked, and each related boundary line.
(4) If subclause (3) applies and there is no occupation, a “No Occupation” annotation must be recorded against that boundary point and related boundary lines.

Question 12

Subpart 3 Rule 82: Depicting survey mark information?

Answer 12

[82] Depicting survey mark information

A survey diagram must include—
(a) a depiction of all marks and points used for the purposes of the cadastral survey; and
(b) a depiction of the components of a mark name consisting of—
(i) an abbreviation that describes the physical mark type of all new and old marks, except pegs and posts; and
(ii) the identifier of all marks and points; and
(iii) the CSD number of all new and old and adopted marks and points; and
(c) the former name of a renewed, disturbed, or removed survey mark and whether it is renewed, disturbed, or removed; and
(d) the reduced level of a reference mark that is required by rules 34 and 61(5) to have a reduced level; and
(e) the reduced level of a vertical control mark required by rules 18 and 62(2).

Question 13

Subpart 3 Rule 83: Parcel information?

Answer 13

[83] Parcel information

A survey diagram must—
(a) depict the horizontal extent and (if applicable) the vertical extent of the parcels included in the CSD, including all residue parcels, but not balance parcels:
(b) represent a parcel as a polygon or polyhedron, unless it is permitted to be retained as a centre-line in terms of rule 49:
(c) depict the appellation of each new parcel, which may be abbreviated if it is unique:
(d) depict the relationships between a parcel and its boundaries and boundary points in the horizontal extent, and (if applicable) in the vertical extent:
(e) depict the spatial relationship between:
(i) all primary parcels on the survey, including those with a height-limited boundary; and
(ii) the boundaries of a non-primary parcel and sufficient boundaries of its underlying so that its location within the underlying parcel is clear and unambiguous.

Question 14

Subpart 3 Rule 84: Parcel information for movable marginal strip?

Answer 14

[84] Parcel information for movable marginal strip

A moveable marginal strip that is included in the CSD must be depicted on a survey diagram as being contained within its underlying primary parcel.

Question 15

Subpart 3 Rule 85: Water, water centre-line, and irregular boundaries?

Answer 15

[85] Water, water centre-line, and irregular boundaries

A survey diagram must depict a water boundary, a water centre-line boundary, or an irregular boundary at a scale that—
(a) clearly shows its shape and relationship to other boundaries
(b) meets the accuracy required by rule 29(2).

Question 16

Subpart 3 Rule 86: Height-limited boundaries?

Answer 16

[86] Height-limited boundaries

For a height-limited boundary that is mathematically described, a survey diagram must show sufficient information to enable the relationship between any position on the height-limited boundary surface and any other boundary to be accurately ascertained.

Question 17

Subpart 3 Rule 87: Parcel annotations?

Answer 17

[87] Parcel annotations

A survey diagram must depict the annotations set out in table 5, clearly related to the relevant parcels.

Table 5: Parcel annotations for survey diagrams
Parcel Annotation
Any road, railway, or water body that abuts a new parcel The name or (if no name is available) a simple description of the road, railway, or water body
Land that has been eroded “Erosion”
Land that is claimed as accretion “Accretion”
Land that is claimed as dry stream bed “Dry bed”
A balance parcel that is a fixed marginal strip “Fixed marginal strip”

Question 18

Subpart 3 Rule 88: Boundary annotations?

Answer 18

[88] Boundary annotations

A survey diagram must depict the annotations set out in table 6, clearly related to the relevant boundaries.

Boundary Annotation
Class D boundaries “Class D”
Water centre-line boundary “Boundary follows centre-line of stream/river”
Water boundary defined by a physical feature [Description of physical feature]
An adopted permanent structure boundary, a water boundary, a water centre-line boundary, or an irregular boundary “Adpt [CSD number]”
An accepted permanent structure boundary, a water boundary, a water centre-line boundary, or an irregular boundary “Boundary accepted from [CSD number]”

Question 19

Subpart 3 Rule 89: Vectors?

Answer 19

[89] Vectors

A survey diagram must include—
(a) at least 1 measured vector to every new or old survey mark; and
(b) measured vectors to at least 2 other non-boundary marks for every non-boundary mark that is not disturbed; and
(c) measured vectors between each new or old boundary mark and a PRM; and
(d) the adopted or calculated vectors used for the purpose of boundary definition; and
(e) at least 1 vector to each end point of a water boundary, a water centre-line boundary, or an irregular boundary, which may be a boundary vector; and
(f) any vectors required by these rules to connect the survey to cadastral survey network marks; and
(g) for non-primary parcels—
(i) at least 2 points on every non-primary parcel that are connected to a minimum of 2 underlying primary parcel points either through being coincident or by vectors: but
(ii) subparagraph (i) does not apply if the relationship to the underlying parcel is being inaccurately determined as permitted by these rules.

Question 20

Subpart 3 Rule 90: Diagram symbols, line styles, and text?

Answer 20

[90] Diagram symbols, line styles, and text

Information on a survey diagram must conform to the symbol, line style, and text requirements specified in Schedule 7.

Question 21

Subpart 3 Rule 91: Presentation of information on survey diagram?

Answer 21

[91] Presentation of information on survey diagram

On a survey diagram,—
(a) all information must be clear and unambiguous; and
(b) all information must be legible when printed at A3 size; and
(c) a north point must be shown on every sheet.

Question 22

Subpart 4 Rule 92: Title plan information?

Answer 22

[92] Title plan information

A title plan must include—
(a) a title diagram as defined in subpart 5; and
(b) the name of the territorial authority; and
(c) the name of the certifying cadastral surveyor and the survey firm; and
(d) the date on which the CSD was certified; and
(e) on every sheet, the CSD number, the sheet number, and the total number of sheets; and
(f) the parcel intent for a new parcel; an
(g) the identity of each underlying parcel; and
(h) details of any easement to be surrendered and covenant to be revoked, including the creating document reference for each; and
(i) the estate record references for the land under survey; and
(j) the dataset description.

Question 23

Subpart 4 Rule 93: New easement information?

Answer 23

[93] New easement information

(1) A title plan must include—
(a) a memorandum containing information about a new easement if the easement is required by a territorial authority; or
(b) a schedule containing information about a new easement if the easement is not a requirement of a territorial authority.
(2) The memorandum or schedule must be in tabular form and must include—
(a) the heading “Memorandum of Easements” or “Schedule of Easements” as appropriate; and
(b) the easement parcel identifier; and
(c) the purpose of the easement; and
(d) the burdened land (servient tenement); and
(e) the benefitted land (dominant tenement) or grantee, as appropriate.

Question 24

Subpart 4 Rule 94: Existing easement information?

Answer 24

[94] Existing easement information

(1) A title plan must include information about every existing subject easement that is to be retained (whether in part or whole) and, in the case of a unit title development, every existing appurtenant easement that is to be retained.
(2) The easement information must be provided in tabular form and must include—
(a) the heading “Schedule of Existing Easements”; and
(b) the easement parcel identifier; and
(c) the purpose of the easement; and
(d) the creating document reference; and
(e) the burdened land (servient tenement).

Question 25

Subpart 4 Rule 95: Covenant information?

Answer 25

[95] Covenant information

(1) A title plan must include a notation for a new covenant or an existing covenant defined on an approved CSD that is to be retained (whether in part or whole).
(2) The notation must include—
(a) the covenant parcel identifier; and
(b) the parcel intent; and
(c) in the case of an existing covenant, the creating document reference.

Question 26

Subpart 4 Rule 96: Area schedule?

Answer 26

[96] Area schedule

(1) A title plan for legalisation purposes must include an area schedule.
(2) The area schedule must be in tabular form and must include—
(a) the heading “Schedule of Areas”; and
(b) each parcel type and identifier; and
(c) the intended action for all areas, for example land to be taken or acquired, severances, and road to be stopped; and
(d) the current appellation of each parcel or, in the case of road to be stopped, the appellation of the adjoining parcel; and
(e) the estate record reference; and
(f) the area of each primary and lease parcel.

Question 27

Subpart 5 Rule 97: Parcel information?

Answer 27

[97] Parcel information

(1) A title diagram—
(a) must depict the horizontal extent and (if applicable) the vertical extent of the parcels included in the CSD, including all residue parcels; but
(b) is not required to show any balance parcel.
(2) A parcel in a title diagram must be represented as a polygon or polyhedron, unless rule 49 allows it to be represented as a centre-line.
(3) A parcel on a title diagram must be depicted in its entirety on at least 1 sheet drawn to scale with—
(a) its boundaries; and
(b) its appellation, which may be abbreviated if it is unique; and
(c) in the case of a non-primary parcel, the appellation of the underlying parcels, which may be abbreviated if it is unique; and
(d) an area if required by rule 41, but an area must not be shown for a movable marginal strip.
(4) A title diagram must depict the spatial relationship between each non-primary parcel and its underlying parcels.
(5) A title diagram must depict a new non-primary parcel for an existing interest that is intended to be retained.
(6) However, a title diagram does not need to depict a non-primary parcel representing an existing—
(a) lease; or
(b) easement in a cross lease development; or
(c) interest that is not defined in an approved CSD.
(7) A title diagram must depict an existing estate boundary where it passes through any new primary parcel, clearly annotated with the estate record references.
(8) A title diagram must depict any territorial authority boundary that passes through a parcel, clearly annotated with the names of the relevant territorial authorities.

Question 28

Subpart 5 Rule 98: Parcel information for a unit title or cross lease development?

Answer 28

[98] Parcel information for unit title or cross lease development

(1) A title diagram for a unit title or cross lease development must clearly depict the spatial relationship between—
(a) a non-primary parcel and the estate boundary; and
(b) units or leases, and other non-primary parcels.
(2) A title diagram must depict an existing estate boundary for a redeveloped unit, clearly annotated with the estate record references.
(3) If a boundary of an existing unit or lease parcel is accepted under rule 58, the title diagram must depict those boundaries and their relationships to other boundaries and structures in the same manner as on the source CSD.

Question 29

Subpart 5 Rule 99: Parcel information for movable marginal strip?

Answer 29

[99] Parcel information for movable marginal strip

A movable marginal strip that is included in the CSD must be depicted on a title diagram as being contained within its underlying primary parcel.

Question 30

Subpart 5 Rule 100: Water, water centre-line, and irregular boundaries?

Answer 30

[100] Water, water centre-line, and irregular boundaries

A title diagram must depict a water boundary, water centre-line boundary, or irregular boundary at a scale that clearly shows its shape and relationship to other boundaries of the parcel.

Question 31

Subpart 5 Rule 101: Permanent structure boundaries?

Answer 31

[101] Permanent structure boundaries

A title diagram must—
(a) depict a permanent structure boundary at a scale that clearly shows the shape and location of the boundary in relation to other boundaries in the CSD; and
(b) depict the permanent structure and its spatial relationship to the permanent structure boundary, including any parts that extend beyond the boundary; and
(c) include a description of a permanent structure from which the permanent structure boundary is located by reference; and
(d) show sufficient information to accurately define the spatial relationship of a permanent structure boundary to any underlying parcel boundary that is within 1m; and
(e) if a permanent structure boundary is not coincident with a permanent structure, show sufficient information to enable any point on the boundary to be accurately ascertained in relation to the permanent structure.

Question 32

Subpart 5 Rule 102: Height-limited boundaries?

Answer 32

[102] Height-limited boundaries

A title diagram must depict a height-limited boundary at a scale that clearly shows the shape and location of the boundary, including vertically, in relation to other boundaries of the parcel.

Question 33

Subpart 5 Rule 103: Parcel annotations?

Answer 33

[103] Parcel annotations

A title diagram must prominently depict the annotations set out in table 7, as appropriate and clearly related to the relevant parcels.

Table 7: Parcel annotations for title diagrams
Parcel Annotation
Existing centre-line easement of unknown width “Width unknown”
Parcel area derived from accepted boundaries “Area not determined by survey”
Land in a parcel intended to remain in a title limited as to parcels “Limited as to parcels”
Land in a parcel intended to remain in a Hawke’s Bay interim title “Hawke’s Bay interim title”
Land in a parcel intended for disposal by the Crown, or land already subject to Part 4A of the Conservation Act 1987 “Subject to Part 4A Conservation Act 1987”
A movable marginal strip or esplanade strip [Width of strip]
An existing non-primary parcel already defined in an approved CSD in terms of rule 105(2)(a) “Parcel adopted from [CSD number]”
A parcel required to vest or other matters required by law [Suitable notation] (for example, “road to vest in [ ] District Council”)
Any road, railway, or water body that abuts a new parcel The name or (if no name is available) a simple description of the road, railway, or water body
Land that has been eroded “Erosion”
Land being claimed as accretion “Accretion”
Land being claimed as dry stream bed “Dry bed”
A balance parcel that is a fixed marginal strip “Marginal strip”

Question 34

Subpart 5 Rule 104: Boundary annotations?

Answer 34

[104] Boundary annotations

A title diagram must prominently depict the annotations set out in table 8, as appropriate and clearly related to the relevant boundaries.

Table 8: Boundary annotations for title diagrams
Boundary Annotation
An accepted boundary “Boundary accepted from [CSD number]”
Class D non-primary parcel boundaries, unless accepted “Boundary not defined by survey”
Water centre-line boundary “Boundary follows centre-line of stream/river”
Water boundary, including where it is a height-limited boundary [Description of legal water boundary]
An adopted water boundary that has become an irregular boundary under rule 10(3)(a)
“Former water boundary not coincident with water’s edge”
An adopted water boundary where accretion is not being claimed under rule 10(2)(b)
“Adopted boundary not coincident with water’s edge”
New boundary angles created due to fault zone movement “Boundary includes new angles due to fault zone movement”
Boundary accepted in areas of ground movement in terms of rules 109(1), (4), and (5) and 110(5) “Boundary not surveyed since ground movement”

Question 35

Subpart 5 Rule 105: Boundary dimensions?

Answer 35

[105] Boundary dimensions

(1) A title diagram must show—
(a) a bearing and distance for every right-line boundary, together with the related boundary points; and
(b) the chord bearing, arc distance, and radius for an arc boundary, together with the boundary points related to that distance.
(2) However, subclause (1) does not apply to—
(a) an existing non-primary parcel boundary already defined in an approved CSD; or
(b) a boundary that is accepted in accordance with these rules; or
(c) an inaccurately determined boundary that coincides with the underlying parcel boundary.

Question 36

Subpart 5 Rule 106: Diagram symbols, lines, and text?

Answer 36

[106] Boundary dimensions, line styles, and text

Information in a title diagram must conform to the symbol, line style, and text requirements specified in Schedule 7.

Question 37

Subpart 5 Rule 107: Presentation of information on title diagram?

Answer 37

[107] Presentation of information on title diagram

On a title diagram—
(a) all information must be clear and unambiguous; and
(b) all information must be legible when printed at A4 size; and
(c) a north point must be shown on every sheet.