Part 7: Anterior Compartment of Forearm Flashcards
Superficial Muscles of Forearm
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Deep Muscles of Forearm
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
3 Wrist flexors of ant forearm
FCR
FCU
Palmaris longus
3 Digit flexors of ant forearm
FDS, FDP, Flexor pollicis longus
2 Pronators of ant forearm
Pronator teres
Pronator Quadratus
Pronator Teres origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: 2 heads - 1st from CFO and med supracondylar ridge and 2nd - med border coronoid process
I: Most prominent part of lat convexity of radius
A: Pronates forearm and flexion of elbow
N: Median (C6,7) lat and med cords
Flexor carpi radialis origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: CFO (ant surface med epicondyle)
I: Bases 2nd and 3rd MC via groove in trapezium
A: Flexes and abducts wrist
N: Median (C6,7) from lat and med cord
Flexor digitorum superficialis origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: Humeral head - CFO, Ulnar head - sublime tubercle (med coronoid), Radial head - whole length of ant oblique line
I: Middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
A: Flexes PIPJ and MCP/wrist
N: Median (C7,8,T1) lat and med cord
Palmaris longus origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: CFO
I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: flexes wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis
N: Median (C7,8) lat and med cords
Flexor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: Humeral head - CFO, ulnar head - aponeurosis from med olecranon + upper 3/4 ulna
I:Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th MC via pisoMC and pisohamate ligs
A: Flexes and adducts wrist
N: Ulnar Nerve (C7,8,T1) by lat cord
Flexor Digitorum Profundus origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: Upper 3/4 ant/med surface ulna and narrow strip of IO membrane
I: Distal phalanges med digits
A: Flexes DIPJ and 2’ flexes IP and MCPJ
N: Median N
Flexor Pollicis Longus origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: Ant radius below ant oblique line and adjacent to IO membrane
I: Base distal phalanx thumb
A: Flexes distal phalanx thumb
N: Ant IO
Pronator Quadratus origin, insertion, action and innervation
O: Lower 1/4 ant/med shaft of ulnar
I: Lower 1/4 ant/lat shaft radius and some IO membrane
A: pronates forearm, maintains radius/ulna opposition
N: Ant IO
Radial artery path and branches
med to biceps tendon, across supinator, deep to APL and EPB to cross snuff box.
Gives rise to radial recurrent at upper end. Overlapped ant in upper part by brachioradialis. Radial nerve lat in middle part. Gives rise to deep palmar arch
Ulnar artery path and branches
Passes deep to PT and lies on FDP.
Gives rise to common IO - in turn gives ant IO and post IO
Gives rise to superficial palmar arch
Wrist anastomosis
Anterior and post carpal branches from R+U form ant (lies across wrist, supplies carpal bones) and post (lies transversally over distal carpals, supplies MC spaces) carpal arches
Elbow Anastomosis
radial branches: radial recurrent
ulnar branches: ant + post ulnar recurrent
Brachial branches: profunda brachii, superior and inferior ulnar collateral
Describe venous drainage of palm of hand
Majority drains through dorsal superficial network. Forms cephalic on radial side of arch and basilic vein on ulnar side
Describe the ACF venous system
Median forearm (antebrachial) vein drains anterior forearm and divides into median cephalic and median basilic. Median cephalic is less mobile and therefore easier to cannulate even though small
Name the nerves of the anterior forearm
Lateral cutaneous N of forearm Medial cutaneous N of forearm Superficial branch of radial nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve
Median nerve supplies which anterior forearm muscles
Pronator teres, FCR and PL.
AOI branch supplies FDP, FPL, PQ and IO membrane
Ulnar nerve supplies which anterior forearm muscles
FCU, ulnar half FDP
Describe the radioulnar joints
Proximal - annular ligament attaches to ulna and slings around radius and connects with humeroulnar joint.
Distal - triangular fibrocartilage
