Part 7: Anterior Compartment of Forearm

Question 1

Superficial Muscles of Forearm

Answer 1

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 2

Deep Muscles of Forearm

Answer 2

Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus

Question 3

3 Wrist flexors of ant forearm

Answer 3

FCR
FCU
Palmaris longus

Question 4

3 Digit flexors of ant forearm

Answer 4

FDS, FDP, Flexor pollicis longus

Question 5

2 Pronators of ant forearm

Answer 5

Pronator teres

Pronator Quadratus

Question 6

Pronator Teres origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 6

O: 2 heads - 1st from CFO and med supracondylar ridge and 2nd - med border coronoid process
I: Most prominent part of lat convexity of radius
A: Pronates forearm and flexion of elbow
N: Median (C6,7) lat and med cords

Question 7

Flexor carpi radialis origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 7

O: CFO (ant surface med epicondyle)
I: Bases 2nd and 3rd MC via groove in trapezium
A: Flexes and abducts wrist
N: Median (C6,7) from lat and med cord

Question 8

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 8

O: Humeral head - CFO, Ulnar head - sublime tubercle (med coronoid), Radial head - whole length of ant oblique line
I: Middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
A: Flexes PIPJ and MCP/wrist
N: Median (C7,8,T1) lat and med cord

Question 9

Palmaris longus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 9

O: CFO
I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: flexes wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis
N: Median (C7,8) lat and med cords

Question 10

Flexor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 10

O: Humeral head - CFO, ulnar head - aponeurosis from med olecranon + upper 3/4 ulna
I:Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th MC via pisoMC and pisohamate ligs
A: Flexes and adducts wrist
N: Ulnar Nerve (C7,8,T1) by lat cord

Question 11

Flexor Digitorum Profundus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 11

O: Upper 3/4 ant/med surface ulna and narrow strip of IO membrane
I: Distal phalanges med digits
A: Flexes DIPJ and 2’ flexes IP and MCPJ
N: Median N

Question 12

Flexor Pollicis Longus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 12

O: Ant radius below ant oblique line and adjacent to IO membrane
I: Base distal phalanx thumb
A: Flexes distal phalanx thumb
N: Ant IO

Question 13

Pronator Quadratus origin, insertion, action and innervation

Answer 13

O: Lower 1/4 ant/med shaft of ulnar
I: Lower 1/4 ant/lat shaft radius and some IO membrane
A: pronates forearm, maintains radius/ulna opposition
N: Ant IO

Question 14

Radial artery path and branches

Answer 14

med to biceps tendon, across supinator, deep to APL and EPB to cross snuff box.
Gives rise to radial recurrent at upper end. Overlapped ant in upper part by brachioradialis. Radial nerve lat in middle part. Gives rise to deep palmar arch

Question 15

Ulnar artery path and branches

Answer 15

Passes deep to PT and lies on FDP.
Gives rise to common IO - in turn gives ant IO and post IO
Gives rise to superficial palmar arch

Question 16

Wrist anastomosis

Answer 16

Anterior and post carpal branches from R+U form ant (lies across wrist, supplies carpal bones) and post (lies transversally over distal carpals, supplies MC spaces) carpal arches

Question 17

Elbow Anastomosis

Answer 17

radial branches: radial recurrent
ulnar branches: ant + post ulnar recurrent
Brachial branches: profunda brachii, superior and inferior ulnar collateral

Question 18

Describe venous drainage of palm of hand

Answer 18

Majority drains through dorsal superficial network. Forms cephalic on radial side of arch and basilic vein on ulnar side

Question 19

Describe the ACF venous system

Answer 19

Median forearm (antebrachial) vein drains anterior forearm and divides into median cephalic and median basilic. Median cephalic is less mobile and therefore easier to cannulate even though small

Question 20

Name the nerves of the anterior forearm

Answer 20

Lateral cutaneous N of forearm
Medial cutaneous N of forearm
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve

Question 21

Median nerve supplies which anterior forearm muscles

Answer 21

Pronator teres, FCR and PL.

AOI branch supplies FDP, FPL, PQ and IO membrane

Question 22

Ulnar nerve supplies which anterior forearm muscles

Answer 22

FCU, ulnar half FDP

Question 23

Describe the radioulnar joints

Answer 23

Proximal - annular ligament attaches to ulna and slings around radius and connects with humeroulnar joint.
Distal - triangular fibrocartilage