Part 5- Sports Psychology Flashcards
5.1
personality
the patterns of thoughts and feelings and thw way in which we interact with our envitronment and other people that make us a unique person
what is the narrow band approach and came up with it
Girnando splits up personalities into type A and type B
type A
- become highly aroused
- prone to excessive anxiety
- impatient
- works fast, ambitious
- can be aggressive
- competitive, takes control
athlete dispute referee
type B
- can control arousal levels
- relaxed
- patient with others and themselves
- cool underpressure
- passive
- less competitive than type A
staying relaxed before major event
why is the narrow band therory helpful to coaches
it means they know who is able to control anxiety and themselves wen competing, they can come up with strategies for those who cannot
anxiety
negative emotional state closely associated with arousal
fears and worries
state anxiety
anxiety felt in a particuler situation
* somatic- the bodys response (tension, pulse increase)
* cognitive- psychological worryover the situation (doubt)
taking a penalty
what did eyesnech and cattell come up with
opposite each other around trait personality
extroversion, introversion and stable, unstable
extrovert
- outgoing- team sports
- affiliate to and are confident around other people
- low sensitivity reticular activation system (alertness)- slow levels in arousal
rugby
introvert
- inward focus- individual sports
- prefer isolation
- lack confidence in social groups
- high sensitivity reticular activity system- easily aroused
tennis
stable
- predictable- sports needing igh performance
- consistant moods
- calm and relaxed
- low in anxiety
- realistic and logical in situations
unstable
- unpredictable, not ideal for sport participation
- mood swings
- prone to worry and high anxiety
- unrealistic in situations
wha does the trait theory state
personality is determined by inheritance/ genetics
predertimined qualities
therefore personality is genralised and predictable, traits are stable and consistant in an situations
what does the social learning theory state
we observe and then copy behaviours from significant others
behaviour is learnt
personality is then predicted is the same situation occurs
what is vicarious reinforcement
when you observe someone getting a positive feedback therfore you are more likey to copy that action
what does the interactionist theory state
there is a relationship between personality traits and the situation/environment
behaviour changes to the demand of the situation
combination of both theories, typical response occur from a comination of personality traits and the environment- unpredictable personality
trait
quality or characteristic that a person possesses
state
quality or characteristic that a person has whithin a certain situation
their reaction
attitude
a predisposition to act a particular way towards something or someone in an environment
what can shape attitudes
- media
- role models- coaches, athletes
- significant others- firends, family
- teachers
what is in the triadic model of attitudes
- cognitive (beliefs)
- affective (emotions)
- behavioural
cognitive meaning in the triadic model of attitudes
formed through past experiences and what we learn from others
affective meaning in triadic model of attitudes
emotional reactions
depends of past experinces - how it made you feel
behavioural meaning in triadic model of attitudes
our behaviour isnt always consistent with our attitudes
how can you change a persons attitudes
verbal persuasuion
what influences verbal pursuasion
- characterisics of the person delivering the message
- quality of the message
- reciever of the message has to have an open idea to cange
positive attitudes associated with sport and pe
- value exercise
- enjoymet of competitions and activity
- good at the activity
- enjoy personal sensation and expression
- escape from stress and experince relaxation
- the social norm
social norm
behaviours that are deemed normal within a culture and are created through socialistation
normal
culture
members of a community learning behaviours that are shared among those within the community of people in our society
negetive attitudes surrounding sport and pe
- better ways to spend time
- dislikes the experience invlved
- lack the physical skills for success
- experince stress and anxiety
- their social norm is not participation
sterotypes
a belief help by a collection of people about traits shared y a certain catergory of person
what can expectations doto an athlete
can motivate them to acheive
although sterotyping can influenece expectations
what can sterotyping be against
- gender
- race
however challenging these can influence fu rther expectations and attitu
the effectiveness of persuasion depends on…
person doing the pursuading, quality of the message and characteristics of whos being persuaded
what should the person doing the persuading have
a high status
examples of someone with a high status
teacers, coaches, role models and significant others
when persuading someones what does the message need to be
clear, believable, accurate, unambiguous
what might the person being persuaded come up with
a counter argument
when persuading someone, what does the person being pursuaded need to have
an open mind to the idea of change
positive attitudes to sport and PE
- enjoy the activity
- seen as social norm
- enjoy physical challenge
- good at the activity
negative attitudes to sport and PE
- better off doing something else
- dislike the experience
- lack the physical skill
- experience stree/anxiety
- frightened of activity
- no participation is the social norm
what can others’ expections lead to
the individual fulfilling the expectation
what must teachers do with sterotypes
challenge them
why must coaches and teachers challenge stereotypes
as some people may have undiscovered talents due to them
