Part 4: Pediatric anesthesia: overview Flashcards
A new born’s spinal cord ends at _____ body and the sac ends at _____.
- L3-4
- S3-4
The 1 year old spinal cord ends at _____ body and the sac ends at _____.
- L1-2
- S1-2
An epidural/caudal is for what type of surgery?
- T10 or lower surgery
- quickest to epidural space
What are things to consider for pain management of a neonate?
- Metabolism (Liver) and GFR (Kidney) both decreased
- Volume of distribution is increased (ECF)
- Increase in unbound drug
What are the S/S of malignant hyperthermia?
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- hypoxia
- hypercarbia,
- acidosis
- rigidity
- PATIENT MAY PRESENT WITH UNEXPLAINED MYOGLOBINURIA (dark urine) POST OP
T/F: Outpatient surgery on less than 60 week post conceptual premies is recommended.
FALSE (These premies are at risk for APNEA)
T/F: Premies have a low MAC value.
TRUE
An overdose of inhalation agent has what affect on the pediatric patient?
- bradycardia
- hypotension
- hypoxemia
- bradypnea
What is EMLA cream made of?
- lidocaine
- prilocaine
There are ___ umbilical artery(ies) and ___ vein(s).
- 2 artery
- 1 veins
T/F: Strabismus surgery has an high incidence of PONV.
TRUE
What are some conditions associated with Congenital Heart Disease.
- TEF
- Omphalocele
- Imperforate anus
- Down’s (Trisomy 21)
T/F: High spinal often presents as hypoxemia.
TRUE
T/F: Ketamine is the preferred pharmacological agent to use when an increase in PA pressure can cause in R>L and hypoxemia.
FALSE
T/F: It is okay to use ketamine when there is a Right to Left shunt.
False
T/F: Neonate blood volume is 80 cc/kg
TRUE
T/F: Pyloric stenosis is associated with central respiratory depression vs mechanical depression in TEF, omphalocele and diaphragmatic hernia; gastroschisis.
TRUE
T/F: Pulmonary vasculature resistance decreases rapidly at birth but is not at adult levels for about 2 years of age.
FALSE (….1 year of age)
T/F: Twitchy neonates often need Calcium.
TRUE
T/F: Pediatric patients have less risk than adults for MH.
FALSE
T/F: An overdose on inhalation agents will cause tachycardia on a child.
FALSE
T/F: Anemia on a child is lowest at 3 month of age.
TRUE
T/F: Peripheral vascular resistance increased in utero then decreases at birth, and finally approaches adult levels at 1 year of age.
TRUE
T/F: Monitoring twitches on a child is better noticed in their arms and diaphragm.
TRUE
T/F: The parasympathetic is mature at birth, but the sympathetic is immature.
TRUE
What is the reversal drugs and dose for muscle relaxers?
Neostigmine 0.05-0.06 mg/kg
Atropine 0.02 mg/kg
