Part 1: Pediatric Anesthesia: Overview Flashcards
What is the difference in weight between an adult and pediatric patient?
1/21
What is the difference in body surface area of an adult and pediatric patient?
1/9
What is the difference in length of an adult and pediatric patient?
1/3.3
The head size of a pediatric body is:
- large compared to body
- Large Occiput
- Weak neck muscles
- Short neck
- Small chest
- Protruding belly
- Short arms & legs
The _______ is large and floppy in pediatric patient.
epiglottis
Level of the larynx in a child is:
C3 - C4
Narrowest part of the child’s larynx is the:
Cricoid ring (if < 5 years of age)
T/F: There is no jaw lift due to the structure of the pediatric airway.
TRUE
The formula to find the right ETT size is:
4 + (age /4)
The formula to find the right depth for an ETT tube:
10 + (age/2)
What is the correct LMA size of a <20 kg child?
2
What is the correct LMA size of a 20-30 kg child?
2.5
What is the correct LMA of a >30 kg child?
3
The ETT size for a <1kg?
2.5
The ETT size for a >1 kg?
3.
The ETT size of a newborn?
3.5
The ETT size of a 10 kg infant?
4.
The ETT depth of a 1 kg infant?
7cm
The ETT depth of a 2 kg infant?
8 cm
The ETT depth of a 3 kg infant?
9
The ETT depth of a 4 kg infant?
10
Respiratory muscles in the diaphragm are listed in two categories. What are they?
-Type 1 (endurance) 15%
Type 2 (Fatigue) 85
How much faster is the respiratory rate of a child?
3 times faster
How long until fetal hemoglobin is gone after birth?
6 months
T/F: The incidence of laryngospasms for pediatric patient is decreased in surgery.
FALSE
The heart rate for a 0-24 hour old neonate?
145
The heart rate for a 1-11 month old?
130
The heart rate for a 1-3 YEAR old?
110
The heart rate for a 4-8 year old?
100
The heart rate for a 8-12 year old?
90
T/F: Heart rate is high to increase cardiac output to compensate for the incease in O2 consumption in a child.
TRUE
The blood pressure for a preterm?
50/30
The blood pressure for a term?
65/40
The blood pressure for a 6 month old?
90/60
The blood pressure for a 12 month old?
95/65
The blood pressure for a 2 year old?
100/65
The blood pressure for a 5 year old?
95/55
The blood pressure for a 12 year old?
110/60
The blood pressure for a 23 year old?
120/80
About what age does a pediatric patient B/P begin to look like an adults?
1-2 years of age
What is the fetal cardiac muscle contractile mass?
30 %
What is the adults cardiac muscle contractile mass?
60%
T/F: Newborns and infants shiver to warm there core body temperature up.
FALSE
What is brown fat?
- Doubles infants metabolic rate (Heat production)
- Gone by age 2
Which is stronger at conserving heat peripheral or central vasoconstriction?
central
What is the maximum amount of heat conservation that can happen for vasoconstriction?
25-50%
By increasing the room temperature by 1 degree celcius decreases heat loss by __%.
7
T/F: Enzyme maturation is directly related to postnatal age; NOT gestational age.
TRUE
How long until the liver is functional after birth and then maturity?
= 1-2 weeks functional
= 2 years for mature
How long until the kidney reaches maturity?
= Cannot concetrate urine until the 5th day
=1 month = 70% mature
=2 years for mature clearance (Most by 3 months)
T/F: Adults are more at risk from being dehydrated than children.
FALSE
What is the ~ I/O of a child with 1400 cc ECF?
700 cc (50 % EFC)
The K+ in an infant is ______ and in an adult it is ____.
5 - 6.5 (Infant)
2.5 - 4.5 (Adult)
What should the urine output be of a pediatric patient?
1-2 cc/kg/hour
Why would giving a neonate HCO3 be a problem?
High osmolality ~ 2000
A neonate or small child sick would probably be acidotic or alkolotic?
Acidotic
Metabolic alkalosis if seen in pediatric patient with ____________.
Pyloric stenosis
When HCO3 loss via kidney is initially with ___ and __. (Metabolic alkalosis)
- Na
- K
Urine becomes _______ in the face of metabolic alkalosis.
acidotic
What is the I/O goals of a infant prior to surgery?
- 2 hours … oral liquid
- 4 hours … breast milk
- 6 hours … solid food
- 8 hours … big fatty meals
