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Peds Anesthesia - Summer 2013 > Part 1: Pediatric Anesthesia: Overview > Flashcards

Part 1: Pediatric Anesthesia: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference in weight between an adult and pediatric patient?

A

1/21

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2
Q

What is the difference in body surface area of an adult and pediatric patient?

A

1/9

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3
Q

What is the difference in length of an adult and pediatric patient?

A

1/3.3

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4
Q

The head size of a pediatric body is:

A
  • large compared to body
  • Large Occiput
  • Weak neck muscles
  • Short neck
  • Small chest
  • Protruding belly
  • Short arms & legs
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5
Q

The _______ is large and floppy in pediatric patient.

A

epiglottis

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6
Q

Level of the larynx in a child is:

A

C3 - C4

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7
Q

Narrowest part of the child’s larynx is the:

A

Cricoid ring (if < 5 years of age)

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8
Q

T/F: There is no jaw lift due to the structure of the pediatric airway.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

The formula to find the right ETT size is:

A

4 + (age /4)

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10
Q

The formula to find the right depth for an ETT tube:

A

10 + (age/2)

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11
Q

What is the correct LMA size of a <20 kg child?

A

2

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12
Q

What is the correct LMA size of a 20-30 kg child?

A

2.5

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13
Q

What is the correct LMA of a >30 kg child?

A

3

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14
Q

The ETT size for a <1kg?

A

2.5

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15
Q

The ETT size for a >1 kg?

A

3.

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16
Q

The ETT size of a newborn?

A

3.5

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17
Q

The ETT size of a 10 kg infant?

A

4.

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18
Q

The ETT depth of a 1 kg infant?

A

7cm

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19
Q

The ETT depth of a 2 kg infant?

A

8 cm

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20
Q

The ETT depth of a 3 kg infant?

A

9

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21
Q

The ETT depth of a 4 kg infant?

A

10

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22
Q

Respiratory muscles in the diaphragm are listed in two categories. What are they?

A

-Type 1 (endurance) 15%

Type 2 (Fatigue) 85

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23
Q

How much faster is the respiratory rate of a child?

A

3 times faster

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24
Q

How long until fetal hemoglobin is gone after birth?

A

6 months

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25
Q

T/F: The incidence of laryngospasms for pediatric patient is decreased in surgery.

A

FALSE

26
Q

The heart rate for a 0-24 hour old neonate?

A

145

27
Q

The heart rate for a 1-11 month old?

A

130

28
Q

The heart rate for a 1-3 YEAR old?

A

110

29
Q

The heart rate for a 4-8 year old?

A

100

30
Q

The heart rate for a 8-12 year old?

A

90

31
Q

T/F: Heart rate is high to increase cardiac output to compensate for the incease in O2 consumption in a child.

A

TRUE

32
Q

The blood pressure for a preterm?

A

50/30

33
Q

The blood pressure for a term?

A

65/40

34
Q

The blood pressure for a 6 month old?

A

90/60

35
Q

The blood pressure for a 12 month old?

A

95/65

36
Q

The blood pressure for a 2 year old?

A

100/65

37
Q

The blood pressure for a 5 year old?

A

95/55

38
Q

The blood pressure for a 12 year old?

A

110/60

39
Q

The blood pressure for a 23 year old?

A

120/80

40
Q

About what age does a pediatric patient B/P begin to look like an adults?

A

1-2 years of age

41
Q

What is the fetal cardiac muscle contractile mass?

A

30 %

42
Q

What is the adults cardiac muscle contractile mass?

A

60%

43
Q

T/F: Newborns and infants shiver to warm there core body temperature up.

A

FALSE

44
Q

What is brown fat?

A
  • Doubles infants metabolic rate (Heat production)

- Gone by age 2

45
Q

Which is stronger at conserving heat peripheral or central vasoconstriction?

A

central

46
Q

What is the maximum amount of heat conservation that can happen for vasoconstriction?

A

25-50%

47
Q

By increasing the room temperature by 1 degree celcius decreases heat loss by __%.

A

7

48
Q

T/F: Enzyme maturation is directly related to postnatal age; NOT gestational age.

A

TRUE

49
Q

How long until the liver is functional after birth and then maturity?

A

= 1-2 weeks functional

= 2 years for mature

50
Q

How long until the kidney reaches maturity?

A

= Cannot concetrate urine until the 5th day
=1 month = 70% mature
=2 years for mature clearance (Most by 3 months)

51
Q

T/F: Adults are more at risk from being dehydrated than children.

A

FALSE

52
Q

What is the ~ I/O of a child with 1400 cc ECF?

A

700 cc (50 % EFC)

53
Q

The K+ in an infant is ______ and in an adult it is ____.

A

5 - 6.5 (Infant)

2.5 - 4.5 (Adult)

54
Q

What should the urine output be of a pediatric patient?

A

1-2 cc/kg/hour

55
Q

Why would giving a neonate HCO3 be a problem?

A

High osmolality ~ 2000

56
Q

A neonate or small child sick would probably be acidotic or alkolotic?

A

Acidotic

57
Q

Metabolic alkalosis if seen in pediatric patient with ____________.

A

Pyloric stenosis

58
Q

When HCO3 loss via kidney is initially with ___ and __. (Metabolic alkalosis)

A
  • Na

- K

59
Q

Urine becomes _______ in the face of metabolic alkalosis.

A

acidotic

60
Q

What is the I/O goals of a infant prior to surgery?

A
  • 2 hours … oral liquid
  • 4 hours … breast milk
  • 6 hours … solid food
  • 8 hours … big fatty meals

Peds Anesthesia - Summer 2013 (14 decks)

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