Part 4 Ch. 10-11 Fire Streams

Question 1

Solid Streams

Answer 1

• Oldest type of streams
• Easiest to produce and require simplest type of nozzle
• Good for CAFS systems
• Characteristics of Solid Streams-
  -Reach and Penetration
  -Max horizontal reach at 32*
  -Max Vertical reach at 70-75*
• Flow Capacity of Solid Streams-
  -When diameter of discharge opening doubles it -quadruples the GPM capacity
  -Handlines= 50psi (dangerous to go over)
  -Master Streams= 80psi (especially on MS devices from aerial)
  -Diameter of tip should not exceed ½ Diameter of hose (rule of thumb only)
• Reach of a Solid Stream-
  -Distance stream can project effectively
• Advantages/Disadvantages
  -Advantages= More reach and penetration, operate at lower pressures which make it easier to handle, less air in stream so reduced thermal layer disturbances
  -Disadvantages= Only 1 type of stream, No Class B use, less heat absorption, conduct electricity

Question 2

Broken Streams

Answer 2

• By far the least used
• Coarse droplets of water
• Characteristics of both fog and solid streams
• Differs from fog by not always definite pattern, larger droplets, not adjustable
• Can possibly conduct electricity, not recommended on Class C
• Advantages/Disadvantages
  -Advantages= Often only means to apply water in limited access places, more heat absorption than solid streams
  -Disadvantages= Can conduct electricity, produce more water damage, limited applications

Question 3

Broken Stream Nozzles

Answer 3

• Force water through series of small holes producing larger droplets
• Non required to be carries on truck, can flow water or class A foam
• Cellar Nozzle
  -AKA Basement nozzle, distributor
  -Consist of playpipe with 90* bend and swivel and spinning nozzle head
  -Primarily used by lowering them into a hole made in floor, use pike pole to check for obstructions
  -Can be used in attic fires same procedures but instead its pushed through hole in ceiling
• Piercing Nozzle-
  -Create their own hole
  -3-6’ hollow steel rod 1 ½” in diameter, end contains hardened point and can pierce most materials masonry, metal, plywood, sheet rock, etc
  -Most flow 100gpm when attached to 1 ½ - 1 ¾” line
  -Opposite end driven with a sledgehammer aka driving end
  -Useful for car fires
• Chimney Nozzle-
  -Used for chimney/flue fires
  -Brass or steel head with multiple small impinging holes
  -Placed on end booster line (old section) and lowered into flue and quickly pulled out
  -At NP of 100psi generally produce 1.5-3gpm of very fine misty fog cone