Part 3: WHAT IS THE RESULT OF LANGUAGE CHANGE ACROSS MILLENIA? DISCOVERING FAMILY CONNECTIONS AND RECONSTRUCTING ANCIENT HISTORY

Question 1

Who are Indo-Europeans?

Answer 1

the PEOPLE
whose language evolved into
Greek, English, Persian,
Sanskrit, Hindi, etc.
Recall…

Question 2

What is the Indo-European Language
Family?

Answer 2

Our name for the GROUP OF
LANGUAGES which evolved
from the original ancient
language

Question 3

What is Proto-Indo-European’
(PIE)

Answer 3

the inferred
ORIGINAL LANGUAGE of the Indo-
European people (proto means ‘first’ or
‘parent’

Question 4

What is the time period for PIE?

Answer 4

6,000-8,000
years ago

Question 5

What is the time period for Proto Human?

Answer 5

60,000 or
more years
ago

Question 6

Where was PIE spoken?

Answer 6

They probably originated in Southern Russia, and spread both East (to India) and West (to
Europe)

Question 7

Examples of langs in PIE family?

Answer 7

Italian, German, Hindi

Question 8

Examples of langs not in PIE family?

Answer 8

Basque, Uralic, Dravidian

Question 9

Define Language Family

Answer 9

The oldest reconstructable
grouping we can find

Question 10

Define Cognate

Answer 10

Two words that trace back to the
same historical root

Question 11

Define Branch within a Family

Answer 11

A sub-group that split off within
the Family (probably at one point
was a single language, but then sub-
divided again

Question 12

description of Grimm’s law

Answer 12

Grimm’s law describes sound changes which differentiated the first Germanic language from other IE branches. It includes *p > f, *t > θ, and *k > h among other ordered changes

Question 13

Examples of Celtic Languages

Answer 13

Scots Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton

Question 14

3 English Dipthongs

Answer 14

aɪ - my
aʊ - loud
ɔɪ - toy