part 3 transformations of the cold war Flashcards
when was the berlin wall dismantled
1989
how far was the gap between east and west germany
27 miles
why was the wall built
prevent spying, isolate the west, challenger JFK, revenge for blockade
jfk ich bin ein berliner
speech delivered by jfk in west berlin, expressing solidarity with the people of east berlin. grabbed the worlds attention and angered the ussr
what happened to general batista
he was overthrown by supporters of fidel castro
why did the us back batista
he disliked communism
why was castro so well liked
had a charming personality, batista was corrupt.
what did americans own a lot of in cuba
most of the businesses and they had a large naval base.
what did americans own a lot of in cuba
most of the businesses and they had a large naval base.
why did relations between the us and cuba grow worse
there were thousands of cuban exiles, castro took over some american owned businesses
what did president eisenhower autorise in june 1960
he set up the CIA to otherthrow castro and he gave support to cuban exiles. they cut down cuban sugar cane to disrupt the economy
how did castro respond to the us hostility
he lied to the us, he set up an alliance with the societ union. krushchev gave cuba 100 million dollars in financial aid
why did the us act in 1961
soviet satalite in their sphere of influence
what did the americans try to do
otherthrow fidel castro
what happened at the bay of pigs
us provided guns to cuban exiles to try and otherthrow him. they were met with 20,000 cuban troops and tanks, with missiles.
was the bay of pigs successful
no it was a disaster as all of the men were captured or killed by castro
what did the bay of pigs suggest about the usa
they were too scared to get directly involved with cuba
what do historians argue about the bay of pigs
it encourgaed the spread of communism
14th october 1962
american planes flew over Cuba taking photos of missile bases
what did the experts say about the photos
the ussr were building functional missile sites in cuba. missiles could be launched within 7 days
16th october 1962
JFK was informed and set up a special team of adivisors called Ex Comm
22nd october 1962
the us had a quarentine of cuba not letting anything in or out demanding that the ussr dismantle the missile bases
why was the term quarentine used not blockade
blockade suggests a war
october 24th
krushchev saw this as a sign of aggression, he sent soviet ships which were empty. the missile basses were preparing
26th october
JFK sent a message saying dismantle the missiles or we will invade
27th October
krushchev replied asking for the us to remove their jupiter missiles from turkey. they finally both agreed
cuba after the crisis
they remained communist and heavily armed
kenney after the crisis
his reputation had improved
krushchev after the crisis
seen as a reasonable peacemaker
what was set up between the 2 powers
a permenant “hot line” between the white house and the kremlin
what was signed in 1963
a nuclear test ban treaty
usa after the crisi
anti communism deceased as intervention was too high risk
Life in Czechoslovakia in 1960s
Media was controlled, poor standards of living, censorship, fear of secret police.
Who was the new leader of Czechoslovakia
Alexander Dubcek
What did Alexander Dubcek want to create
“Socialism with a human face”
What did the Prague spring involve
Introduced by dubcek, increased standards of living, reduced censorship, allowed free elections and wanted more trade with the west
What did the ussr try to do with the Prague spring
They tried to slow down dubceks reforms
How did the ussr respond
Moved troops and set up camps on the Czech border, Warsaw pact put pressure on the Czechs
Why could the ussr not use economic sanctions
They did not have the money for it
What did the ussr do in august 1968
They moved tanks in to Czechoslovakia
What happened to Dubcek
He was removed from power but not executed
Brezhnev doctrine
All the Warsaw pact countries were not allowed to abandon communism otherwise the ussr would invade
Detente
In the late 60s and 70s there was a relaxing of tensions between the USA and ussr. This was an extension of Khrushchev peaceful co existence
Economic problems for detente
-rising inflation in 70s
-large costs in Vietnam war
-the Soviet Union had low standards of living and needed trade with the west
Weapons reason for detente
- both sides were spending huge amounts on weapons and defence
-20% of the Soviets spending was on weapons
-fear of nuclear war
Oil reasons for detente
Both USA and ussr worried about conflict in Middle East
Both received oil from Middle East
The Suez Canal was key for trade
Both communist and non communist countries were involved in conflict between arabs and Israelis
Contacts with China detente
Both were worried about the growing power of China
China an ussr were cooperating over Vietnam but had other issues
The USA was afraid of 2 communist giants
Initiatives of president Nixon reasons for detente
Nixon and his secretary established better relations with Moscow and Beijing
President Brezhnev wanted to extend Khrushchevs peaceful coexistence
Brezhnev wanted the us to accept soviet control in Eastern Europe and wanted more trade.
Tensions in the 60s reasons for detente
Cuban missile crisis had shown how dangerous the Cold War was
Tried to increase relations but it became difficult when the us got involved in Vietnam.
Salt 1
Strategic arms limitation talks limited the number of ballistic missiles of both the U.S. and ussr as well as missile deployment sites
Vietnam reason for detente
Losing troops and money
Americans were unpopular for committing massacres
Unpopular in the United States
