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GCSE HISTORY > part 3 transformations of the cold war > Flashcards

part 3 transformations of the cold war Flashcards

1
Q

when was the berlin wall dismantled

A

1989

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2
Q

how far was the gap between east and west germany

A

27 miles

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3
Q

why was the wall built

A

prevent spying, isolate the west, challenger JFK, revenge for blockade

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4
Q

jfk ich bin ein berliner

A

speech delivered by jfk in west berlin, expressing solidarity with the people of east berlin. grabbed the worlds attention and angered the ussr

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5
Q

what happened to general batista

A

he was overthrown by supporters of fidel castro

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6
Q

why did the us back batista

A

he disliked communism

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7
Q

why was castro so well liked

A

had a charming personality, batista was corrupt.

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8
Q

what did americans own a lot of in cuba

A

most of the businesses and they had a large naval base.

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9
Q

what did americans own a lot of in cuba

A

most of the businesses and they had a large naval base.

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10
Q

why did relations between the us and cuba grow worse

A

there were thousands of cuban exiles, castro took over some american owned businesses

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11
Q

what did president eisenhower autorise in june 1960

A

he set up the CIA to otherthrow castro and he gave support to cuban exiles. they cut down cuban sugar cane to disrupt the economy

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12
Q

how did castro respond to the us hostility

A

he lied to the us, he set up an alliance with the societ union. krushchev gave cuba 100 million dollars in financial aid

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13
Q

why did the us act in 1961

A

soviet satalite in their sphere of influence

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14
Q

what did the americans try to do

A

otherthrow fidel castro

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15
Q

what happened at the bay of pigs

A

us provided guns to cuban exiles to try and otherthrow him. they were met with 20,000 cuban troops and tanks, with missiles.

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16
Q

was the bay of pigs successful

A

no it was a disaster as all of the men were captured or killed by castro

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17
Q

what did the bay of pigs suggest about the usa

A

they were too scared to get directly involved with cuba

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18
Q

what do historians argue about the bay of pigs

A

it encourgaed the spread of communism

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19
Q

14th october 1962

A

american planes flew over Cuba taking photos of missile bases

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20
Q

what did the experts say about the photos

A

the ussr were building functional missile sites in cuba. missiles could be launched within 7 days

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21
Q

16th october 1962

A

JFK was informed and set up a special team of adivisors called Ex Comm

22
Q

22nd october 1962

A

the us had a quarentine of cuba not letting anything in or out demanding that the ussr dismantle the missile bases

23
Q

why was the term quarentine used not blockade

A

blockade suggests a war

24
Q

october 24th

A

krushchev saw this as a sign of aggression, he sent soviet ships which were empty. the missile basses were preparing

25
Q

26th october

A

JFK sent a message saying dismantle the missiles or we will invade

26
Q

27th October

A

krushchev replied asking for the us to remove their jupiter missiles from turkey. they finally both agreed

27
Q

cuba after the crisis

A

they remained communist and heavily armed

28
Q

kenney after the crisis

A

his reputation had improved

29
Q

krushchev after the crisis

A

seen as a reasonable peacemaker

30
Q

what was set up between the 2 powers

A

a permenant “hot line” between the white house and the kremlin

31
Q

what was signed in 1963

A

a nuclear test ban treaty

32
Q

usa after the crisi

A

anti communism deceased as intervention was too high risk

33
Q

Life in Czechoslovakia in 1960s

A

Media was controlled, poor standards of living, censorship, fear of secret police.

34
Q

Who was the new leader of Czechoslovakia

A

Alexander Dubcek

35
Q

What did Alexander Dubcek want to create

A

“Socialism with a human face”

36
Q

What did the Prague spring involve

A

Introduced by dubcek, increased standards of living, reduced censorship, allowed free elections and wanted more trade with the west

37
Q

What did the ussr try to do with the Prague spring

A

They tried to slow down dubceks reforms

38
Q

How did the ussr respond

A

Moved troops and set up camps on the Czech border, Warsaw pact put pressure on the Czechs

39
Q

Why could the ussr not use economic sanctions

A

They did not have the money for it

40
Q

What did the ussr do in august 1968

A

They moved tanks in to Czechoslovakia

41
Q

What happened to Dubcek

A

He was removed from power but not executed

42
Q

Brezhnev doctrine

A

All the Warsaw pact countries were not allowed to abandon communism otherwise the ussr would invade

43
Q

Detente

A

In the late 60s and 70s there was a relaxing of tensions between the USA and ussr. This was an extension of Khrushchev peaceful co existence

44
Q

Economic problems for detente

A

-rising inflation in 70s
-large costs in Vietnam war
-the Soviet Union had low standards of living and needed trade with the west

45
Q

Weapons reason for detente

A
  • both sides were spending huge amounts on weapons and defence
    -20% of the Soviets spending was on weapons
    -fear of nuclear war
46
Q

Oil reasons for detente

A

Both USA and ussr worried about conflict in Middle East
Both received oil from Middle East
The Suez Canal was key for trade
Both communist and non communist countries were involved in conflict between arabs and Israelis

47
Q

Contacts with China detente

A

Both were worried about the growing power of China
China an ussr were cooperating over Vietnam but had other issues
The USA was afraid of 2 communist giants

48
Q

Initiatives of president Nixon reasons for detente

A

Nixon and his secretary established better relations with Moscow and Beijing
President Brezhnev wanted to extend Khrushchevs peaceful coexistence
Brezhnev wanted the us to accept soviet control in Eastern Europe and wanted more trade.

49
Q

Tensions in the 60s reasons for detente

A

Cuban missile crisis had shown how dangerous the Cold War was
Tried to increase relations but it became difficult when the us got involved in Vietnam.

50
Q

Salt 1

A

Strategic arms limitation talks limited the number of ballistic missiles of both the U.S. and ussr as well as missile deployment sites

51
Q

Vietnam reason for detente

A

Losing troops and money
Americans were unpopular for committing massacres
Unpopular in the United States

GCSE HISTORY (6 decks)

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