Part 3: The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

When was the industrial revolution?

Answer 1

1750-1850

Question 2

Describe the industrial revolution

Answer 2

Its is not a single or planned event rather, it was a change that took place gradually over many decades and even centuries.

Question 3

What gave rise to new innovations?

Answer 3

New ways of thinking about the world, and how humans could use their intellect to overcome challenges.

Question 4

What did effect did wheels and cogs have?

Answer 4

They were very important and used often in the innovations that were to follow.

Question 5

How were wheels used before the rvolution?

Answer 5

They were used with natural forces like wind to harness power for machines. E.g. waterwheels and wind mills
(but these forces were not reliable)

Question 6

What did Thomas Newcomen develope?

Answer 6

The first steam engine. He developed a technological breakthrough that generated fast and reliable energy on demand.

Question 7

How did the steam engine work?

Answer 7

It relied on burnig fuel such as coal, to heat water, creating a gas that pushes a piston. The piston is connected to a wheel that powers the machine :)

Question 8

Give a brief explination of how coal was formed.

Answer 8

Hundreds of millions of years ago, giant plants lived and died in swamps. Over time, earth and water covered this mass, increasing heat and pressure. Eventually, this matter turns into coal.

Question 9

What did the ability to power large machines reslut in in the manufacturing industry?

Answer 9

The ability to power larger machines meant that manufacturing shifted away from individual craftsmen and towards big manufacturers like factories.

Question 10

What happened to small artisans because of the revolution?

Answer 10

They would go out of business and would have to look for work in factories. They would have to move to the cities to find jobs.

Question 11

What was it called when people moves from countrysides to the cities?

Answer 11

UrBiNiZaTiOn (geography hehe)

Question 12

True/False (give reasons for your answer)

The industrial revolution improved living conditions in the cities. (3 marks)

Answer 12

FALSE
The cities of the industrial revolution were not pleasant:
- burning coal to power machines and croweded and poor living conditions
- Euopean cities were chocked with smoke which blocked out the sun and covered everything in black soot.
- rivers were polluted with industrial waste and sewage often simply ran down a furrow in the middle of streets

Question 13

Living in such terriblle conditions led to …

Answer 13

…the outbreak of many diseas

• cholera and dysentery from drinking polluted water
• Tuberculosis from living in crowded and poorly ventilated spaces

Question 14

What did factory owners do in search for profits?

Answer 14

• tried to get the most value out of their workers
• make them work 6 days a week, 12-16 hours
• used children for labour
  (no laws againts child labour)
• coal mines used children because they were small and cheaper

Question 15

What job was famous for its use of child labour? Where did the children come from and what were the dangers?

Answer 15

JOB: chimney sweeping
SOURCE: kids were sold from orphanages (mainly boys)
DANGERS:
- lung problems
- skin cancers
- loss of eyesight
- stuck in chimneys –> suffocation –> death RIP

Question 16

What system rised during the industrial revolusion?

Answer 16

Capitilism

Question 17

What is Capitilism? (4 marks)

Answer 17

It is a system in which individuals pursued profits through industry and mass production. Pure capitilism has: private ownership, focus on growth and profit, and the dislike of laws that limit potential growth.

Question 18

What happens if capitilism is left unchecked?

Answer 18

• the exploitation of both people and the environment as people strive to acheive higher levels of profit.

Question 19

Explain how the concept of ‘supply and demand’ relates to the price of goods in a capatilist economy.

Answer 19

The demand on a item will affect how expensive it is. If an item is in high demand the price will rise, and if a item is in low demand the price will drop.

Question 20

Name a South African Company owned by the government.

Answer 20

South African Airways

Question 21

Steam troons allowed people to…
Steam ships reduces…
Telegraphs allowed…

Answer 21

Steam troons allowed people to…TRAVEL QUICKLY BETWEEN CITIES
Steam ships reduces… THE TIME TOOK TO TRAVEL ACROSS OCEANS
Telegraphs allowed… RAPID COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CITIES

Question 22

What was the most important measure if wealth in south african history? Why?

Answer 22

CATTLE
For the Khoi Khoi, Trekboers and Xhosa, cattle were central to their lifestyle and the need to control good areas of land.

Question 23

What need did owning cattle create?

Answer 23

Good grazing, water and land

Question 24

What was the cause for most of the conflict in South Africa?

Answer 24

The want and control of land for farming.

Question 25

By what time was South Africa Devides into colonies?

Answer 25

1860

Question 26

What were the names of the British colonies?

Answer 26

The Cape and Natal

Question 27

What were the names of the Boer colonies?

Answer 27

Free State and Transvaal

Question 28

Who were the colonies that werent british or boer?

Answer 28

They were the remaining African kingdoms strong enough to defend their land. These kingdoms were the zulu, pedi, sotho, xhosa and griqua and they were able to defend their land by adopting firearms.

Question 29

True/False

The british only found interest in land beyond the Cape and Natal when they discovered gold there.

Answer 29

FALSE :)

A son of a poor boer farmer discovered a DIAMOND on the bank of the Orange River.

Question 30

What was the first Diamond found on the bank of the Orange river named?

Answer 30

the ‘eureka diamond’

Question 31

What did the discovery of diamond in Griqauland result in?

Answer 31

a rush of prospectors from all around the world hoping to make their fortunes.

Question 32

What was the biggest diamond mines name?

Answer 32

KiMbErLy

Question 33

give some poetry rq ;)

Answer 33

for the griqua, what intitially appeared to be a blessing, quickly became a curse as they struggled to manage the thousands of unruly miners who were pouring into their territory

Question 34

What was the result of foreighners flooding griqualand?

Answer 34

The griqua were pursuaded to allow britain to administer their territory which britain the officially annexed in 1871. (if u are smart and can translate this into baby words please do :) i dont understand what i just wrote)

Question 35

What happened within a few years of diammond being discovered in griqualand?

Answer 35

individual digger who were following the diamond rich volcanic rock call kimberlite (cringe name ik) had excavated a deep pit. The deeper the pit became, the more difficult it was to extract kimberlite.

Question 36

how were diamonds made?

Answer 36

Diamonds were formed billions of years ago in the intense heat and pressure of volcanic erruptions. These conditions can only be achieved at depths greater than 150km below the earths surface.

Question 37

What resulted in the need for manual labour in the mines?

Answer 37

Thousands of african me would travel to work in the mines. Realising the potential, african cheifs began to sen their young men to the mines so that they could return with money and firearms.

Question 38

What was migrant labour?

Answer 38

when african populations began to enter the wage labour. The industrialisation of the economy had begun.

Question 39

What happened to the kimberly mine in the lat 1870s?

Answer 39

it got so deep that it required expensive machinery to extract the ore as well as pump out flood water that filled the pit. The more expensive mining became, the more individual claims were bought by large companies, eventually resulting in a monopoly by the company De Beers.

Question 40

What is a monopoly?

Answer 40

In a monopoly, a single company controls the supply of a product e.g. diamonds. as a result, the company can control the price of an item.

Question 41

Who was the owner of De Beers?

Answer 41

a self made billionaire named cecil john rhodes.

Question 42

What could rhodes do with his monopoly of the diamond fields?

Answer 42

control the price of diamonds.

Question 43

What did the De Beers monopoly mean for the african labourers?

Answer 43

• they had to accept six month contracts working fro low pay

- they had to live in fenced over crowded compounds that they could only leaave at the end of their contract.

Question 44

True/False

The discovery of diamonds in kimberly led to the creation of the second industrial city in south africa

Answer 44

FALSE

The discovery of diamonds in kimberly ledto the creation of the FIRST industrial city in south africa

Question 45

Kimberly was the _________ ciry in the world to install electric street lights in 1882

Answer 45

Kimberly was the SECOND ciry in the world to install electric street lights in 1882

Question 46

How did the mining industry in kimberly have an enourmous impact on the economy of the region as a whole?

Answer 46

with the creation of a city with over 30 000 people in south african interior, there was an increase in the demand for agricultural produce.

Question 47

While kimberly saw the beggining of the ________ _________, it would be the discobery of gold gthat accelerated the economic and political revolution of the region.

Answer 47

While kimberly saw the beggining of the MINERAL REVOLUTION, it would be the discobery of gold gthat accelerated the economic and political revolution of the region.

Question 48

In 1886, reports began to arrive that gold had been discovered in the _________________ region of the ___________

Answer 48

In 1886, reports began to arrive that gold had been discovered in the WITWATERSRAND region of the TRANSVAAL

Question 49

The dsicovery of gold in witwatersrand of the transvaal resulted in …

Answer 49

…a gold rush as miners from all over the world tried to stake claims to this area.

Question 50

How is gold formed?

Answer 50

from the explosion of stars. It is believed that this material was deposited on earth by ancient asteroids as far back pst 4.5 billion years ago before being subject to geological processes.

Question 51

What percent of gold mined on earth comes from witwatersrand?

Answer 51

40% (shook 0_0)

Question 52

What made the gold mining experience in witwatersrand expensive and why?

Answer 52

witwatersrands ore was of poor quality and was found very deep which made the extraction process expensive and it required industrial processes to extract. As a result only large and powerful companies could manage to make a profit from mining gold in witwatersrand.

Question 53

True/fales

Cecil John Rhodes flocked to witwatersrand.

Answer 53

True ;)

Question 54

What was Cecil John Rhodes’ dream?

Answer 54

he was an emperialist and so he wanted to conquer all of the territory between cape town and cairo and to create a railway between the two.

Question 55

what did rhodes plan in 1896?

Answer 55

he used a small private army and arranged to take over the Transvaal via raid. The raid was a failure but it raised tensiots between the transvaal and britain.

Question 56

Why did the boer republics declare war againts the british in 1899.

Answer 56

They realised the british were determained to take the transvaal from them.

Question 57

what is satire?

Answer 57

The use of humor to poke fun a political figures or ideals.

Question 58

Look at the picture of rhodes standng on africa and answer the following:

1. explain the pun in the name “the collossus of rhodes”
2. what is the significance of the land the man is standing on?
3. what is the significance of the uniform the man is wearing.

Answer 58

1. cecil john rhodes has the surname rhodes and he is being compareed to a statue in rhodes.
2. he is standing on cairo and the cape, and he is creating a link between the two. this shows this railway he wanted to create from cairo to cape town.
3. the man is wearing a british uniform.

Question 59

Why is the anglo boer war now called the south african war?

Answer 59

the name did not ackknowledge the thousand of africans who faught suffered and participated in both sides of the conflict.

Question 60

Who won the south african wae?

Answer 60

the british empire

Question 61

many boers refused to stop fighting after their capital cities had been captured and so the british put them in concentration camps

Answer 61

thats just some info <3

Question 62

why did the boer people surrender to the british in 1902

Answer 62

they realised fighting the british would result in the destruction of their people

Question 63

when were four colonies united to create the country “the union of south africa”?

Answer 63

1910

Question 64

all done

Answer 64

history can go die now <3