Part 2: The French Revolution Flashcards
Why was the growth of overseas trade and creation of colonial empires not completely beneficial?
Because it brought a great deal of wealth to the rulers of Europe, but most ordinary Europeans continued to live in poverty and hardship.
What system did they use in the Middle Ages and continue to use during this time?
The feudal system.
What is Feudalism?
A social system based on giving services to a lord.
The social hierarchy during the Middle Ages was ……..
Feudal
Name the levels of hierarchy in the feudal system.
Pope.⛪️ Kings and queens.🤴👸 Lords and knights.🐴🛡 Traders and craftsmen.👨🔧👨🌾 Peasants.🥲
Name two facts about peasants and craftsmen.
- Did not own land.
- Paid taxes/services to lords.
Name a fact about lords.
Received land from kings and paid him taxes from it.
What did kings do?
Give homage to the pope. (Sometimes)
What were kings and queens also referred to in the European Feudal system?
Monarchs.
What did monarchs believe?
That their authority has been given to them by God.
How did the kings and queens rule?
With absolute power.
Made all decisions about how a country should be governed.
Ordinary people (mostly peasants) we’re not citizens of their country, but rather……..
Subjects of the king or queen.
What was the result of this feudal system?
Ordinary people had to do all the hard work while the king and the aristocracy (nobility) lived in luxury.
What does democracy mean?
Ordinary people are able to choose their own leaders and that no one individual should have absolute power.
What was the idea of democracy based on?
The political systems of Ancient Greece and Rome.
What does “demos” mean?
People
What does “krotos” mean?
Power
What happened in France in 1789?
France suffered a terrible year of crop failures.
What happened at the same time as the crop failures in France?
The French king tried to raise taxes.
Ordinary people began to revolt, calling for change.
What is the French slogan that was adapted during this time?
Liberty, Fraternity, Equality
Which colors symbolized this slogan and what was it known as?
Red, white, blue.
Tricolore.
What had happened by 1793?
The French people had executed both their king and queen and declared a republic.
What was the most famous method of execution during the revolution?
The guillotine.
How did the guillotine work?
Used a weighted blade to severe the victims head.
Describe the ideas of what people had the right to that the French Revolution brought about?
- Liberty: freedom
- Equality: being equal
- Fraternity: brotherhood (people all over the world are part of a human family).
What happened by 1794?
The French Revolutionary Council banned slavery in France and its colonies.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
A young army officer who emerged from the chaos of the revolution and became popular enough to seize power.
What did Napoleon use his ambition and French national pride to do?
Conquer a new French empire.
What did Napoleon’s ambition lead to?
The first global war and have direct consequences for South Africa.
Which was one of the first countries to fall victim to the French armies?
The Dutch Republic (Netherlands)
What were the benefits of the French going for the Dutch?
They controlled a vast trading empire.
What was included in this vast trading empire?
The Cape Colony.
What did Britain decide to do while fighting the French in Europe?
Secure its own trade route by capturing the Cape Colony.
What happened in 1795?
The battle of Muizenberg.
When did the British officially take over the Cape?
1806
How did the Cape Colony grow?
As Trekboer farmers moved inland in search of new grazing and hunting grounds.
What happened in the eastern cape by the end of the 18th century?
Dutch farmers began to clash with the Xhosa people who they encountered.
What did the clashes between the European settlers and Xhosa people become known as?
Cape Frontier Wars.
How long did the frontier wars last for?
100 years (1779-1879)
What 4 changes did the British implement when taking control of the Cape?
- English (not Dutch) became the official language.
- Promoting British immigration to the Cape.
- Stopped Trekboer expansion east (and Xhosa expansion west)
- Banned the slave trade and eventually ownership of slaves.
What did the Dutch Farmers or “Boers” do to escape British control?
Embarked on a journey into the interior, carrying their possessions in ox-wagons.
What were these “Voortrekkers” searching for? (3)
- Land to continue their trekboer lifestyle.
- Cheap labor.
- Independence from Britain.
Which three important African kingdoms did the Boers clash with moving into the interior?
Sotho Warrior.
Ndebele Warrior.
Zulu Warrior.
How were the Boers able to defeat (but not completely conquer) some of these kingdoms?
Using their wagons as a defensive shield from which to shoot.
What did the Boers using their wagons as a defensive shield from which to shoot allow them to do?
Take land away from these African populations and create their own republics.
What were the names of the three Boer Republics?
The Orange Free State.
The South African Republic.
The Natalia Republic.
What had happened by 1850?
The political revolutions of Europe had an enormous impact on the populations of Southern Africa.
What did the economic revolution of the region bring about?
The discovery of gold and diamonds.💎🏅
Absolute monarch
Individual ruling with abundant power.
Subject
Subject of a king or queen, doing all the work.
Citizen
Citizens of a country
Where did Napoleon conquer?
Spain, all the way to Russia.
Liberty
Free within society.
Fraternity
Brotherhood
A group sharing interest or professions.
Equality
People being equal.
