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History Exam Grade 8 > Part 2: The French Revolution > Flashcards

Part 2: The French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was the growth of overseas trade and creation of colonial empires not completely beneficial?

A

Because it brought a great deal of wealth to the rulers of Europe, but most ordinary Europeans continued to live in poverty and hardship.

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2
Q

What system did they use in the Middle Ages and continue to use during this time?

A

The feudal system.

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3
Q

What is Feudalism?

A

A social system based on giving services to a lord.

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4
Q

The social hierarchy during the Middle Ages was ……..

A

Feudal

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5
Q

Name the levels of hierarchy in the feudal system.

A 
Pope.⛪️ 
Kings and queens.🤴👸 
Lords and knights.🐴🛡 
Traders and craftsmen.👨‍🔧👨‍🌾
Peasants.🥲
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6
Q

Name two facts about peasants and craftsmen.

A
  • Did not own land.

- Paid taxes/services to lords.

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7
Q

Name a fact about lords.

A

Received land from kings and paid him taxes from it.

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8
Q

What did kings do?

A

Give homage to the pope. (Sometimes)

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9
Q

What were kings and queens also referred to in the European Feudal system?

A

Monarchs.

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10
Q

What did monarchs believe?

A

That their authority has been given to them by God.

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11
Q

How did the kings and queens rule?

A

With absolute power.

Made all decisions about how a country should be governed.

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12
Q

Ordinary people (mostly peasants) we’re not citizens of their country, but rather……..

A

Subjects of the king or queen.

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13
Q

What was the result of this feudal system?

A

Ordinary people had to do all the hard work while the king and the aristocracy (nobility) lived in luxury.

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14
Q

What does democracy mean?

A

Ordinary people are able to choose their own leaders and that no one individual should have absolute power.

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15
Q

What was the idea of democracy based on?

A

The political systems of Ancient Greece and Rome.

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16
Q

What does “demos” mean?

A

People

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17
Q

What does “krotos” mean?

A

Power

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18
Q

What happened in France in 1789?

A

France suffered a terrible year of crop failures.

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19
Q

What happened at the same time as the crop failures in France?

A

The French king tried to raise taxes.

Ordinary people began to revolt, calling for change.

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20
Q

What is the French slogan that was adapted during this time?

A

Liberty, Fraternity, Equality

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21
Q

Which colors symbolized this slogan and what was it known as?

A

Red, white, blue.

Tricolore.

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22
Q

What had happened by 1793?

A

The French people had executed both their king and queen and declared a republic.

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23
Q

What was the most famous method of execution during the revolution?

A

The guillotine.

24
Q

How did the guillotine work?

A

Used a weighted blade to severe the victims head.

25
Q

Describe the ideas of what people had the right to that the French Revolution brought about?

A
  • Liberty: freedom
  • Equality: being equal
  • Fraternity: brotherhood (people all over the world are part of a human family).
26
Q

What happened by 1794?

A

The French Revolutionary Council banned slavery in France and its colonies.

27
Q

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

A

A young army officer who emerged from the chaos of the revolution and became popular enough to seize power.

28
Q

What did Napoleon use his ambition and French national pride to do?

A

Conquer a new French empire.

29
Q

What did Napoleon’s ambition lead to?

A

The first global war and have direct consequences for South Africa.

30
Q

Which was one of the first countries to fall victim to the French armies?

A

The Dutch Republic (Netherlands)

31
Q

What were the benefits of the French going for the Dutch?

A

They controlled a vast trading empire.

32
Q

What was included in this vast trading empire?

A

The Cape Colony.

33
Q

What did Britain decide to do while fighting the French in Europe?

A

Secure its own trade route by capturing the Cape Colony.

34
Q

What happened in 1795?

A

The battle of Muizenberg.

35
Q

When did the British officially take over the Cape?

A

1806

36
Q

How did the Cape Colony grow?

A

As Trekboer farmers moved inland in search of new grazing and hunting grounds.

37
Q

What happened in the eastern cape by the end of the 18th century?

A

Dutch farmers began to clash with the Xhosa people who they encountered.

38
Q

What did the clashes between the European settlers and Xhosa people become known as?

A

Cape Frontier Wars.

39
Q

How long did the frontier wars last for?

A

100 years (1779-1879)

40
Q

What 4 changes did the British implement when taking control of the Cape?

A
  • English (not Dutch) became the official language.
  • Promoting British immigration to the Cape.
  • Stopped Trekboer expansion east (and Xhosa expansion west)
  • Banned the slave trade and eventually ownership of slaves.
41
Q

What did the Dutch Farmers or “Boers” do to escape British control?

A

Embarked on a journey into the interior, carrying their possessions in ox-wagons.

42
Q

What were these “Voortrekkers” searching for? (3)

A
  • Land to continue their trekboer lifestyle.
  • Cheap labor.
  • Independence from Britain.
43
Q

Which three important African kingdoms did the Boers clash with moving into the interior?

A

Sotho Warrior.
Ndebele Warrior.
Zulu Warrior.

44
Q

How were the Boers able to defeat (but not completely conquer) some of these kingdoms?

A

Using their wagons as a defensive shield from which to shoot.

45
Q

What did the Boers using their wagons as a defensive shield from which to shoot allow them to do?

A

Take land away from these African populations and create their own republics.

46
Q

What were the names of the three Boer Republics?

A

The Orange Free State.

The South African Republic.

The Natalia Republic.

47
Q

What had happened by 1850?

A

The political revolutions of Europe had an enormous impact on the populations of Southern Africa.

48
Q

What did the economic revolution of the region bring about?

A

The discovery of gold and diamonds.💎🏅

49
Q

Absolute monarch

A

Individual ruling with abundant power.

50
Q

Subject

A

Subject of a king or queen, doing all the work.

51
Q

Citizen

A

Citizens of a country

52
Q

Where did Napoleon conquer?

A

Spain, all the way to Russia.

53
Q

Liberty

A

Free within society.

54
Q

Fraternity

A

Brotherhood

A group sharing interest or professions.

55
Q

Equality

A

People being equal.

History Exam Grade 8 (4 decks)

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