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Sociology (Test 1) > Part 3 - Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism > Flashcards

Part 3 - Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people.

Prejudice involves attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs, NOT ACTIONS

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2
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The tendency to assume that one’s culture

and way of life are superior to all others.

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3
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

An overgeneralization associated with a racial or ethnic
category that goes beyond existing evidence.

Stereotypes emphasize a few traits that are assumed to apply to all
members of the group.

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4
Q

Levels of prejudice

A

1) Cognitive level of prejudice (BELIEFS)
2) Emotional level of prejudice (FEELINGS)
3) Action-orientation level of prejudice (PREDISPOSITION TO ACT)

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5
Q

Personality Centered Approaches to prejudice

A

Prejudice is an indicator of an unhealthy personality / Prejudice helps inflicted individuals function from day to day.

LIMITATION: Ignores the social environment

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6
Q

Projection

A

Seeing in others characteristics we can’t admit we have in ourselves

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7
Q

Scapegoating

A

Picking a target to displace anger or frustration

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8
Q

Authoritarian personality

A

Technique to cope with early childhood relationships with dominant parents

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9
Q

Culture-Based Approaches to prejudice

A

Prejudice is the result of growing up in a society that views certain groups as being inferior or superior

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10
Q

Power/Conflict Theory to Prejudice

A

Prejudice stems from racial group competition. Prejudice serves as a rationalization or justification for exploitation and stratification.

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11
Q

ethnophaulism

A

Ethnic or racial slurs, including derisive nicknames

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12
Q

selective perception

A

Selective perception is the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints.

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13
Q

premature closure

A

Premature closure, in relation to medicine, is a type of cognitive error in which the physician fails to consider reasonable alternatives after an initial diagnosis is made.

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14
Q

White privilege

A

rights or immunities granted as a particular benefit for being White.

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15
Q

5 characteristics of a scapegoat

A
  • highly visible (physically)
  • not strong enough to fight back
  • situated within easy access
  • past target of hostility (historically)
  • symbol of unpopular concept
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16
Q

What is discrimination?

A

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on group membership.

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17
Q

What is a hate crime?

A

Crime commited because of offenders bias against race, religion, sexuality, etc. of victim

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18
Q

What is redlining?

A

A pattern of discrimination against people trying to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods

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19
Q

Some ways to reduce prejudice

A
  • Media
  • Education
  • Contact hypothesis
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20
Q

contact hypothesis

A

an interactionist perspective stating that intergroup contact between people of equal status in noncompetitive circumstances will reduce prejudice

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21
Q

total discrimination

A

the combination of current discrimination with past discrimination created by poor schools and menial jobs

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22
Q

reverse discrimination

A

actions that cause better-qualified White men to be passed over for women and minority men

23
Q

Levels of discrimination

A
  • Verbal
  • Avoidance
  • Exclusion
  • Physical abuse
  • Extermination
24
Q

Isolate discrimination

A

Harmful action by an individual without support of other members of the larger group

25
Q

Small-group discrimination

A

Harmful action by a small number of individuals acting in concert against a subordinate group, without support from members of society. (KKK)

26
Q

Direct institutionalized discrimination

A

Organizationally prescribed or community prescribed action that have negative impacts on minority groups.

27
Q

Indirect institutionalized discrimination

A

Organizationally prescribed or community-prescribed norms or regulations (no intent to harm) have negative impacts on minority groups.

28
Q

Adaptations to Prejudice and Discrimination

A

1) Passive acceptance
2) Marginal Participation
3) Assimilation
4) Withdrawal
5) Rebellion
6) Organized Protest

29
Q

Passive acceptance

A

If the power of an ethnic group is small and the magnitude of the discrimination great, members of the group may have no choice but to accept the discrimination.

30
Q

Marginal Participation

A

Subordinate ethnic populations can find a niche where they can use their creative resources and prosper.

31
Q

Assimilation

A

Members of an ethnic group become part of the broader culture and society, losing their distinctive character.

32
Q

Withdrawal

A

Members of an ethnic group withdraw and create a self-sustaining society within the broader society.

33
Q

Revolt and Rebellion

A

Members of an ethnic group do not always accept, assimilate, withdraw, or marginally participate. Frequently they rebel. Rebellion can take a number of forms, one being general hostility and aggressive behavior toward the majority.

34
Q

Organized Protest

A

Subordinate ethnic groups become organized to make broad-based and concerted efforts to change patterns of discrimination.

35
Q

All-weather liberal

A

Unprejudiced / Nondiscriminator

36
Q

Reluctant liberal

A

Unprejudiced / Discriminator

37
Q

Timid bigot

A

Prejudiced / Nondiscriminator

38
Q

All-weather bigot

A

Prejudiced / Discriminator

39
Q

Racism

A

Racism is a ideology that considers a group’s unchangeable characteristics to be linked in a direct way to psychological or intellectual characteristics and that, on this basis, distinguishes between superior and inferior racial groups.

40
Q

What is the relationship between racism, prejudice, and discrimination

A

People who live in racist societies are likely to absorb racist ideas and be prejudiced

41
Q

What is institutional racism?

A

Patterns of unequal treatment based on racial characteristics that are built into the institutions and daily operations of society.

For example: Discrimination in voting, Discrimination in the justice system, Police malpractice

42
Q

Modern racism

A

Moderm racism holds the attitude that:

There is no longer any serious discrimination in the U.S. (e.g., extermination, physical abuse, exclusion, etc.) We are a ‘colorblind’ society.

Any continuing racial equality is the fault of the minority group (‘Blaming the victim’)

43
Q

What is the popular image of Americanization?

A

1st gen- immigrants
2nd gen- immigrants children
3rd gen- grandchildren

44
Q

What generation is more likely to hold on to their culture or language?

A

1st gen

45
Q

What generation has supposedly assimilated?

A

3rd gen

46
Q

What generation is more likely to suffer from dual culture conflict?

A

2nd gen

47
Q

What are some key assumptions to the race relation cycle?

A
  • Fundamental social forces (out migration) lead to recurring cycles of assimilation in intergroup history
48
Q

What is an inherent problem with the race relation cycle model?

A

Assimilation of a migrant group may involve major barriers and take substantial period of time to complete

49
Q

What is oppositional culture?

A

The culture of resistance often found amongst subordinate groups

50
Q

Bicultural

A

Assimilation High, Ethnic Identity High

51
Q

Traditionalist

A

Ethnic Identity High, Assimilation Low

52
Q

Marginal

A

Ethnic Identity Low, Assimilation Low

53
Q

Assimilationist

A

Ehtnic identity low, Assimilation high

Sociology (Test 1) (3 decks)

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