Part 3 - Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism Flashcards by Jose Carrillo

What is prejudice?

Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people.

Prejudice involves attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs, NOT ACTIONS

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What is ethnocentrism?

The tendency to assume that one’s culture

and way of life are superior to all others.

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What are stereotypes?

An overgeneralization associated with a racial or ethnic
category that goes beyond existing evidence.

Stereotypes emphasize a few traits that are assumed to apply to all
members of the group.

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Levels of prejudice

1) Cognitive level of prejudice (BELIEFS)
2) Emotional level of prejudice (FEELINGS)
3) Action-orientation level of prejudice (PREDISPOSITION TO ACT)

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Personality Centered Approaches to prejudice

Prejudice is an indicator of an unhealthy personality / Prejudice helps inflicted individuals function from day to day.

LIMITATION: Ignores the social environment

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Projection

Seeing in others characteristics we can’t admit we have in ourselves

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Scapegoating

Picking a target to displace anger or frustration

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Authoritarian personality

Technique to cope with early childhood relationships with dominant parents

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Culture-Based Approaches to prejudice

Prejudice is the result of growing up in a society that views certain groups as being inferior or superior

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Power/Conflict Theory to Prejudice

Prejudice stems from racial group competition. Prejudice serves as a rationalization or justification for exploitation and stratification.

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ethnophaulism

Ethnic or racial slurs, including derisive nicknames

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selective perception

Selective perception is the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints.

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premature closure

Premature closure, in relation to medicine, is a type of cognitive error in which the physician fails to consider reasonable alternatives after an initial diagnosis is made.

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White privilege

rights or immunities granted as a particular benefit for being White.

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5 characteristics of a scapegoat

highly visible (physically)
not strong enough to fight back
situated within easy access
past target of hostility (historically)
symbol of unpopular concept

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What is discrimination?

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on group membership.

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What is a hate crime?

Crime commited because of offenders bias against race, religion, sexuality, etc. of victim

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What is redlining?

A pattern of discrimination against people trying to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods

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Some ways to reduce prejudice

Media
Education
Contact hypothesis

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contact hypothesis

an interactionist perspective stating that intergroup contact between people of equal status in noncompetitive circumstances will reduce prejudice

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total discrimination

the combination of current discrimination with past discrimination created by poor schools and menial jobs

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reverse discrimination

actions that cause better-qualified White men to be passed over for women and minority men

Levels of discrimination

Verbal
Avoidance
Exclusion
Physical abuse
Extermination

Isolate discrimination

Harmful action by an individual without support of other members of the larger group

Small-group discrimination

Harmful action by a small number of individuals acting in concert against a subordinate group, without support from members of society. (KKK)

Direct institutionalized discrimination

Organizationally prescribed or community prescribed action that have negative impacts on minority groups.

Indirect institutionalized discrimination

Organizationally prescribed or community-prescribed norms or regulations (no intent to harm) have negative impacts on minority groups.

Adaptations to Prejudice and Discrimination

1) Passive acceptance 2) Marginal Participation 3) Assimilation 4) Withdrawal 5) Rebellion 6) Organized Protest

Passive acceptance

If the power of an ethnic group is small and the magnitude of the discrimination great, members of the group may have no choice but to accept the discrimination.

Marginal Participation

Subordinate ethnic populations can find a niche where they can use their creative resources and prosper.

Assimilation

Members of an ethnic group become part of the broader culture and society, losing their distinctive character.

Withdrawal

Members of an ethnic group withdraw and create a self-sustaining society within the broader society.

Revolt and Rebellion

Members of an ethnic group do not always accept, assimilate, withdraw, or marginally participate. Frequently they rebel. Rebellion can take a number of forms, one being general hostility and aggressive behavior toward the majority.

Organized Protest

Subordinate ethnic groups become organized to make broad-based and concerted efforts to change patterns of discrimination.

All-weather liberal

Unprejudiced / Nondiscriminator

Reluctant liberal

Unprejudiced / Discriminator

Timid bigot

Prejudiced / Nondiscriminator

All-weather bigot

Prejudiced / Discriminator

Racism

Racism is a ideology that considers a group’s unchangeable characteristics to be linked in a direct way to psychological or intellectual characteristics and that, on this basis, distinguishes between superior and inferior racial groups.

What is the relationship between racism, prejudice, and discrimination

People who live in racist societies are likely to absorb racist ideas and be prejudiced

What is institutional racism?

Patterns of unequal treatment based on racial characteristics that are built into the institutions and daily operations of society. For example: Discrimination in voting, Discrimination in the justice system, Police malpractice

Modern racism

Moderm racism holds the attitude that: There is no longer any serious discrimination in the U.S. (e.g., extermination, physical abuse, exclusion, etc.) We are a ‘colorblind’ society. Any continuing racial equality is the fault of the minority group (‘Blaming the victim’)

What is the popular image of Americanization?

1st gen- immigrants 2nd gen- immigrants children 3rd gen- grandchildren

What generation is more likely to hold on to their culture or language?

1st gen

What generation has supposedly assimilated?

3rd gen

What generation is more likely to suffer from dual culture conflict?

2nd gen

What are some key assumptions to the race relation cycle?

- Fundamental social forces (out migration) lead to recurring cycles of assimilation in intergroup history

What is an inherent problem with the race relation cycle model?

Assimilation of a migrant group may involve major barriers and take substantial period of time to complete

What is oppositional culture?

The culture of resistance often found amongst subordinate groups

Bicultural

Assimilation High, Ethnic Identity High

Traditionalist

Ethnic Identity High, Assimilation Low

Marginal

Ethnic Identity Low, Assimilation Low

Assimilationist

Ehtnic identity low, Assimilation high