Part 3 Flashcards
Eukaryote characteristics
Nucleus, organelles, ribosomes, some have cell walls.
Prokaryote
No nucleus, no organellles, small ribosome, have cell walls
What chemical makes up the cell wall?
Peptidoglycan. Gram positive and gram negative
Glyocalyx function
Protect bacteria or attach it to other surface
3 bacteria shapes
Cocci (round), bacilli (round shaped) , spiral
Gram positive cells have what color stain?
Purple
Gram negative cells have what color
Counter stained pink
Enteric/ coliform bacteria includes what? Infects what?
E. coli, salmonella, shigella. Infect gi tract
Mycobacterium has what kind of an outer layer. What does it cause?
Outer layer of wax/lipids. Causes disease tuberculosis and leporsy
Clostridium is gram positive or negative? What does it cause?
Gram positive rod. Causes tetnus, botulism, gangrene.
Borellia shape? Causes what?
Spiochetes. Causes Lyme disease which is transmitted by a tick.
Treoponema is what shape? What does it cause?
Is a spirochete and causes syphilils
Protozoan characteristics
Eukaryotic, single celled, move by flagella, cilia, or amoebic motion
Protozoan can make a tough survival stage called? When not in this stage what is it called?
A cyst. This is the stage that transmits disease. Remainder of the time they are in a form known as a trophozoite
Where are protozoan usually found?
In water or moist areas
Protozoan diseases
Small number, most important is malaria, trypanisoma.
Fungi micro organisms characerisistics
Single cells and mull cellular. Deconposers. Reproduce asexual or sexual spores
Examples of molds
Penicillium and mushrooms
Yeasts
Single called fungus, carry out fermentation
Fungal diseases in the skin
Dermatophytes and candida
Dermatophytes does what and is caused by what?
Break down keratin in the skin, know. As ringworm, and is caused by fungi such as epiderophyton and trichophyton
Candida
Infect mouth, intestines, or vagina. Often seen in immunosuppressed patients
What are 2 groups of parasitic worms
Fluke and tapeworm (primitive) and roundworms
Virus characteristics
Very small, have only protein coat (capsid ) and nucleus acid (genome). Some have outer membrane called envelop. They are not cells and are neither prokaryotes or eukaryotes
Stages of viral replication
Attachment to host Penetration Uncoating Synthesis Maturation
Virus enters host cell how?
By endocytosis or fusion of the envelope
Uncoating of virus means?
Genome is released from inside the capsid
Two atypical viruses
Viroids and prions
Viroids are made up of?
Small pieces of rna with no protein
Why does influenza virus infect repeatedly?
It changes its surface proteins often so avoids immune response
Epidemiology is the study of?
Disease transmission
