Part 3

Question 1

What is a Genome?

Answer 1

Entire hereditary information encoded in DNA

Question 2

What are mutations?

Answer 2

Changes in the DNA

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A section of DNA that codes for a protien

Question 4

What are the 3 types of Gene mutations?

Answer 4

Substitution
Insertion
Deletion

Question 5

What is a substitution mutation?

Answer 5

Changes one base only effecting that codon

Question 6

What is a insertion mutation?

Answer 6

Every codon after the insertion point is affected as they are wrong

Question 7

What is a deletion mutation?

Answer 7

Every codon after the deletion point is affected as they are wrong

Question 8

What are the 3 substitution mutations?

Answer 8

Missense
Nonsense
Splice-site

Question 9

What is a Missense mutation?

Answer 9

Replacing the correct amino acid with another

Question 10

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 10

Changes the amino acid into a “stop” codon

Question 11

What is a splice site mutation?

Answer 11

Introns included exons excluded

Question 12

What is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 12

Every amino acid after the deletion point will be changed

Question 13

What are the 4 chromosome structure mutations?

Answer 13

Deletion
Inversion
Duplication
Translaction

Question 14

What is a duplication mutation?

Answer 14

When part of the homologous pair breaks off and joins another

Question 15

What is a translocation mutation?

Answer 15

Part of one chromosome breaks off and joins a DIFFRENT chromosome

Question 16

What is the importance of gene duplication in evolution?

Answer 16

Increases variation and provides organisms with a greater chance of surviving to breed and pass on mutations to the next generation

Question 17

What is Evolution?

Answer 17

Changes in organisms over generations as a result of genomic variations

Question 18

What is Natural selection?

Answer 18

The non random increase in the frequency of DNA that increases survival

Question 19

What is stabilising selection?

Answer 19

When an average phenotype is selected for and both extremes are selected against

Question 20

What is Directional selection?

Answer 20

One extreme phenotype is selected for

Question 21

What is an example of Directional selection?

Answer 21

Beak size of Darwins finches

Question 22

What is Distrupted selection

Answer 22

Two or more phenotypes are selected for

Question 23

What is an example of Distruptive selection?

Answer 23

Pale and darker forms of the pepper hawk moth

Question 24

What is an example of Distruptive selection?

Answer 24

Pale and darker forms of the pepper hawk moth

Question 25

What is speciation?

Answer 25

A generation of new biological species by evolution as a result of isolation mutation and selection

Question 26

What is allopatric speciation?

Answer 26

Geographical barriers

Question 27

Sympatric speciation

Answer 27

Only ecological or behavioural

Question 28

How is genomic sequencing measured?

Answer 28

Bioinformatics

Question 29

What Is phylogenetics?

Answer 29

Evolutionary history and relationships

Question 30

What is the correct order of the 3 domains?

Answer 30

Animals Vertebrates Land plants

Question 31

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 31

Bacteria Archea Eukaryotes

Question 32

What is pharmacogenetics?

Answer 32

Drugs and personalised medicines