PART 3 😥 Flashcards
Larger then the normal molecule
Biomolecules
Present in all living organisms
Biomolecules
They all contain carbon
Biomolecules
The four main types of Biomolecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Type of Biomolecule that is the main source of energy
Carbohydrates
Type of Biomolecule that contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen respectively
Carbohydrates
A simple Carbohydrate that only has one/simple sugar
Monosaccharides
Composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide (simple sugar) units linked together.
Oligosaccharides
Composed of more than 10 monosaccharide units, often hundreds or thousands.
Polysaccharides
Type of carbohydrate that usually ends with -ose (ex: Glucose, Galactose)
Monosaccharides
Type of carbohydrate that only attaches one hydroxyl group with a carbonyl group
Monosaccharides
These are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different orientation
Isomers
These are non-polar; thus, there are hydrophobic and insoluble
Lipids
These are long term in energy sources, lubricants, protections, and hormone precursors
Lipids
The main storage form of Lipids
Triglycerides
The main storage form of Lipids
Triglycerides
What is the composition of Triglycerides
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
A type of fatty acid the goes on a straight line and is only single bonded (no carbon double bond)
Saturated
A type of fatty acid that has one or more carbon double bonds; hence, there is a kink or easy known as a bending
Unsaturated
If it is a liquid in room temperature it is…
unsaturated
If it is a solid in room temperature it is…
Saturated
When there is hydrogenation found in processed food
Transfat
Tails of two fatty acids and is a phosphate group
Phospholipids
Four fused rings of carbon with a different functional groups attached
Steroids
A subgroup of steroids and these are important for the structure and function of cell membranes
Sterols
Most common type of sterol
Cholesterol
The synthesis of hormones
Cholesterol
The gland that is for hormone production and release
Pituitary Gland
Two types of cholesterol
HDL and LDL
Full name of HDL and LDL
High Density Lipoprotein
Low Density Lipoprotein
The hardening or narrowing of the arteries
atherosclerosis
It is very dense; hence, brings the LDL to remove the plack build yp
HDL
It is considered to be bad as it builds up on the well of the artery and goes in a high velocity
LDL
These are long chains of alcohol surrounded by a fatty acid by an ester bond
Waxes
A bond between an alcohol and an acid
Ester bond
a type of covalent bond that connects to a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule
Glycosidic Linkage
a type of covalent bond that connects to a carbohydrate molecule to another molecule
Glycosidic Linkage
Formed through a condensation reaction where a hydroxyl group of one sugar reacts with the carbon linked releasing a molecule of H20
Glycosidic linkage
Starch and glycogen are examples of an…
Energy Storing Polysaccharide
Cellulose, Lignin, Chitin, Pectin are examples of…
Structural Polysaccharide
What is the primary structure of proteins ?
A sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
Produced by twists and turns of yhe amino acid chain
Rigid and Rod-like
Alpha Helix
Hydrogen bond stabilizes and makes coils rigid and barbed
Beta-pleated sheet
This is the folding of the amino acid chain, with its secondary structures into all in all a three-dimensional shape of a protein. (confirmation)
Tertiary Structure
This is the folding of the amino acid chain, with its secondary structures into all in all a three-dimensional shape of a protein. (confirmation)
Tertiary Structure
The protein can change/alter its own structure
Renaturation
Changes through heat and cannot go back to it’s structure
Denaturation
The arrangement of polypeptide chains in a protein that is formed from more than one
Quaternary Structure
That catalyze chemical reactions
Enzymes
Involves molecular motion and the collision of substances with the active site
Enzyme Catalysis
Involves molecular motion and the collision of substances with the active site
Enzyme Catalysis
Enzymes can be denatured
T o F
True
Linked into nucleic chains by covalent binds between a sugar and a phosphate group forming nucleic acids
Nucleotides
The three inputs of nucleic acids
Nitrogenous base
Five - Carbon sugar
One to three phosphate groups
The three inputs of nucleic acids
Nitrogenous base
Five - Carbon sugar
One to three phosphate groups
Types of Nucleic Acids and their full names
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
The nucleobases of RNA are…
1) Cytosine
2) Guanine
3) Adenine
4) Uracil
The nucleobases of DNA are…
1) Cytosine
2) Guanine
3) Adenine
4) Thymine
The two nitrogenous bases
Pyrimidines, Purines
Components of Pyrimidines
1 Carbon - Nitrogen Ring
Uracil
Thymine
Cytosine
Components of Purines
2 Carbon - Nitrogen rings
Adenine
Guanine
Components of Purines
2 Carbon - Nitrogen rings
Adenine
Guanine
Nitrogenous bases link covalently to either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA.
T o F
True
Nitrogenous bases link covalently to either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA.
T o F
True
Double Stranded DNA
Two nucleotide chains wrapped around each other forming a spiral
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
“Hybrid” double helices
Exists as a single but large polynucleotide chains
Ribonucleic Acid
Types of Ribonucleic Acid
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
