Part 3

Question 1

a century of change, it is period of recognizing human dignity.

Answer 1

18th century

Question 2

He fought for religious freedom and individual right.

The first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offender.

He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment.

Answer 2

William Penn

Question 3

• Physician, patriot, signer of the declaration of independence and social reformer.
• He also advocated the penitentiary for capital and corporal punishment.

Answer 3

Benjamin Rush

Question 4

It is an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and from one another so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and thus undergo reformation.

Answer 4

Penitentiary

Question 5

He believes that harsh punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of preventing crime.

French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice.

Answer 5

Charles Montesquieu

Question 6

• He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period.

He believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime.

• He fought the legality-sanctioned practice of torture.

Answer 6

Voltaire or Francois Marie Arouet

Question 7

• Father of classical theory, politician, and Italian philosopher

• He wrote an easy entitled ‘An essay on crimes and punishment’” the most exiting essay on law during this
century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.

Answer 7

Cesare bonesara marchese de beccaria

Question 8

The greatest leader in the Reform of English Criminal Law.

He believes that whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime; the crime rate would go down.

Answer 8

Jeremy Bentham

Question 9

Prison that consist of large circular building containing multi cells around the periphery.

It was never built.

Answer 9

Panopticon prison

Question 10

The father of prison reform.

The sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773, who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform.

Answer 10

John Howard

Question 11

follower of Bentham was an able lawyer and the most effective leader in direct and persistent agitation for
reform of the English criminal code.

He pressed for construction of the first modern English prison, Millbank in 1816

Answer 11

Sir Samuel Romilly

Question 12

first modern English prison

Answer 12

Millbank

Question 13

Considered father of modern policy system

he established the London metropolitan police in 1829
known as bobbies.

he was active in all phases of Criminal Justice.

Was a leader in the English legislature for reform of the criminal code, pushing through programs devised by Bentham, Romilly and others. He established the Irish constabulary called ‘PEELERS’ after the founder.

Answer 13

Sir Robert Peel

Question 14

divided prisoners into companied and appointed prisoners as petty officers in charge.

Academic classes of one hour a day were given in all inmates under 20
years of age.

He was the director of the prison in Valencia, Spain, in 1835,

Answer 14

Manuel Montesimos

Question 15

Credited as the father of parole

superintendent of a penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia who introduces a progressive humane
system to substitute for corporal punishment

He introduced fair disciplinary trials, built churches, distributed books, allowed plays to be staged and
permitted prisoners to tend small gardens.

Answer 15

Alexander Maconochie

Question 16

He is the director of the Irish prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system that was modified from the
Maconochie’s mark system.

Answer 16

Water Crofton

Question 17

He was famous for the establishment of agricultural colony for delinquent boys in France in 1839. (Young boys offenders)

The boys were housed in cottages with house fathers as in charge,

The system was based on reeducation rather that force.

Answer 17

Frederick Auguste Demetz

Question 18

introduced in Elmira a new institutional program for boys from 16 to 30 years of age.

Answer 18

Zebulon Brockway

Question 19

director of English prisons after visiting Elmira in 1897 opened the Borstal Institution near Rochedi in
Kent.

he build borstal institution

Answer 19

Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise

Question 20

the earliest best reform institution for young offender.

Answer 20

Borstal institution of England

Question 21

warden of the Auburn and later of Sing Sing (which he built).

one of the most influential
persons in the development of early prison discipline in America.

He is described as having been a strict disciplinarian who believe that all convicts were cowards who could
not be reformed until their spirit was broken.

Answer 21

Elam Lynds

Question 22

development of the various forms of attire to degrade and identity prisoners.

Answer 22

Prison stripes

Question 23

The line moved rapidly toward its destination as the prisoners shuffled their feet in unison without lifting them from the ground.

required to line up in a close formation with their hands on the shoulders under the arms of the prisoner in front.

Answer 23

Lockstep

Question 24

Father of penitentiary science.

Design the prison of Ghent (Belgium) to rehabilitate rather to punish.

He developed a strict classification of criminals and their segregation.

Answer 24

Jean Jacques Villain