Part 2A (the Circulatory System) Bio 20 D2

Question 1

What are the main functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

1) Transports and delivers nutrients to all cells in the body in exchange for carbon dioxide and waste products

2) transports and delivers chemical messengers (hormones) throughout the body

3) distributes body heat.

4) defends against disease

Question 2

What do systemic and Pulmonary mean

Answer 2

Systemic:
(Larger)
Runs between the the heart and the rest of the body and back to the heart
(Provides oxygenated blood)

Pulmonary:
(Smaller)
Runs between the heart and the lungs, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs (drops off co2 picks up 02) that goes back to the heart

Question 3

What are the blood components?

Answer 3

Red blood cells
White blood cells
platelets
Plasma

Question 4

What are red blood cells and their purpose? And how much

Answer 4

Scientific name “erythrocytes”
They carry/deliver oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

Question 5

What are white blood cells? And their purpose.

Answer 5

Scientific name “Leukocytes”
Help fight infection and aid in immune response

Question 6

What are platelets and their purpose?

Answer 6

Scientific name “ thrombocytes”
Help and blood clotting (at the site of wounds)

Question 7

What’s plasma and its purpose?

Answer 7

Clear, yellowish water substance consisted of sugar, protein, and salt contains the red cells white cells and platelets

Question 8

What are the major functions of blood?

Answer 8

Transporting oxygen and nutrients
Maintaining temperature
Clotting and defending against disease

Question 9

What blood pathology stand for?

Answer 9

A blood disorder

Question 10

What’s the blood pathology “anemia”? What are the symptoms

Answer 10

People who have a low number of red blood cells.
mild anemia, often causes no symptoms, but severe can cause fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath with exertion

Question 11

What is Circulatory shock?

Answer 11

life-threatening medical condition, low blood perfusion to tissue resulting in cellular injury, and inadequate tissue function

Can lead to cardiac arrest and or respiratory arrest

Question 12

What are the percentages of blood taken up in blood?

Answer 12

Plasma: 55% of total blood
Buffy coat: (leukocytes and platelets) 1%
Erythrocytes: 45%

Question 13

Why is a blood clot formed?

Answer 13

Due to a cut/injury on the body to stop bleeding

Question 14

How are blood clots formed?

Answer 14

Proteins and partials in your body called platelets stick together to form a clot

The forming of a blood clot is called “Coagulation

Question 15

What is coagulation?

Answer 15

The forming of a blood clot

Question 16

What is hemophilia?

Answer 16

A genetic deficiency of certain proteins that help blood to clot, many forms ranging from mild to life-threatening

Question 17

What temp should our body be at?

Answer 17

37c or 98F

Question 18

To keep our body at the regular temp, what must be done?

Answer 18

To balance heat production and heat loss through our Arteries and Veins. The warm arteries will defuse heat into the cool veins, keeping all the blood in the body at 37C

Question 19

When our body is working hard, the rate of cellular respiration increases, meaning?

Answer 19

Generates additional heat, this additional heat is often lost through the surface of the skin aka sweating

Question 20

What happens in a heat concentration gradient

Answer 20

Heat moves from an area of high temperature to a area of low temperature

Question 21

On vasadialtion and vasoconstriction
What do (vas) (dilat) (ion) and (constrict) mean

Answer 21

Vasa means vessel
Dilat means become wide
Ion means means action
Constrict means make narrow

Question 22

What do endothermic mean?

Answer 22

Warm blooded

Question 23

What do vasadialtion and vasoconstriction mean?

Answer 23

Vasadialtion means to heat body, makes blood vessels bigger = heat

Vasoconstriction means to cool are body, and make the blood vessels smaller = cool

Question 24

What are the ARTERIES, and what do they do

Answer 24

Carry blood AWAY from the heart.
Always carry oxygenated blood, except the pulmonary artery.
Comparatively high in pressure.
Contains thick vessel walls.
Have no internal valves (pressure is high enough)
Largest artery in the body is the aorta.

Question 25

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 25

Aorta

Question 26

What are the veins and what do they do

Answer 26

Carry blood TOWARD heart
Always carry deoxygenated blood, except the pulmonary vein
Comparatively low in pressure
Contain internal pocket valves that prevent the backflow and pooling of blood as it flows against gravity.
Largest vein in the body is the vena cave.

Question 27

What are Capillaries (smallest) and what do they do

Answer 27

The site of gas and nutrient exchange.
02 and nutrients diffuse from capillaries into cells.
CO2 and wastes diffuse from cells into capillaries.
The thinnest and smallest vessels (one cell thick)
Have unusually delicate walls that break easy (bruise, rash, red eye)
Capillaries connect arteries to veins.

Question 28

What are internal and external hemorrhoids

Answer 28

Both types of hemorrhoids are often associated with straining during bowel movements factors like pregnancy, chronic constipation, or a low-fiber diet may cause it

Question 29

What are two things that help your blood move through your veins? And why

Answer 29

Valves: help blood stay in a one way motion to your heart, and stop back flow to your legs that causes blood pooling

Muscle contractions (skeletal muscle pump)

Question 30

Why would blood pool in your legs?

Answer 30

When your vein valve is varicose it doesn’t function properly, it will cause blood to pool in your legs