Part 2: understanding participation in sport Flashcards
motivation is: anything that impels a person to ______
action
what are the 3 behaviour that action is reflected in
- selection/direction
- intensity
- persistence
motivation is necessary but by its self its ___
not enough
there are 6 different aspects of motivation what are they
- achievement
- intrinsic
- extrinsic
- exercise adherence
- participation
- drop-outs in sport
what are the three models of motivation
- person-centred
- situation-centered
- interaction
what approach is better over time carrot psych or stick psych
and why
carrot - giving them what they want
what is the key part of achievement motivation
needs to have specific goal
in sport what is achievement motivation popularly called
competitiveness
what are 3 things that measuring achievement motivations uses
- direction
- intensity
- persistence
what is persistence
coming back to training even if you lose
direaction + intensity/ time
what are 2 reasons why people study achievement motivation
- individual diff in achievement motivation affect participation and performance in sport/exercise
- achievement motivation is the basis of competitiveness
what are attributions
reasons individuals give for their success or failure
what people attribute their performance to is the _____ _____ of their performance
perceived cause
how is personality measured
through traits and states
you can measure personality through traits and states but what is able to predict behaviour more reliable
situation-specific
what are the 3 categories of attributions
- stability
- Causality
- Control
how do attributions affect achievement behaviour
- future motivation
- emotions
- high/low achievers have different attributions - account for difference in achievement behaviour
what are the 3 different achievement goal orientations
- task orientation
- ego/outcome orientation
- social approval orientation
goal orientation is different personal definitions of ______
success
what are the 3 P’s of achievement goal orientations
Process, product, praise
one of the Achievement goal orientations focuses on demonstrating effort, gaining approval and praise from significant others what one is this
social approval
what are the positives of a task orientated
- have control
- more confidence
- helps concetration
what are the negative of task orientated
- perfectionism
- selfish
what are negatives of outcome/ego orientated
complement
frustrating
control
what are positive of outcome/ego orientated
- gives confidence
- train
what is motivation the sum of
direction + intensity
what is arousal defined as
level of physiological and psychological activation
what are the two extremes of arousal continuum
deep sleep
excessive discomfort
physiological component of arousal is what
increase or decrease in body’s level of activation e.g. HR
psych component of arousal is
positive feelings (confidence) or negative ( fear, sadness)
what can arousal lead to
anxiety and excitement
anxiety = high arousal states that produce feelings of ___ and ___
discomfort and concern
anxiety is a ____ threat
perceived
stress is a ___ ___ between demand and capabilities
perceived imbalance
stress is a perceived _____ between demand and capabilities
imbalance
stress leads to what type of anxiety
state anxiety
what are the 3 types of anxiety that shows a relationship between trait and state anxiety
- competitive trait anxiety
- state anxiety
- relationship between trait and state anxiety
state anxiety is based on what
current state of emotions - associated with negative effects
what are the subcomponents of state anxiety
- cogntive
- somatic
what is somatic state anxiety
physiological
what are the 3 implications for best practice - what is needed to use the stress model
- identify the cause of stress
- understand the stress response
- identify behavioural consequences
two sources of stress and anxiety
- situation
- personal
two factors under situational sources of stress
- importance of result
- uncertainty
two factors under personal sources of stress
- trait anxiety
- self- esteem
what is the relationship for drive theory between performance and arousal
linear straight line
what is the inverted U theory
performance will increase with arousal up to a certain point
what are the 3 key points to consider with the inverted U theory
- optimal level of arousal is different for each person
- optimal levels vary across sport
- best performance happens at optimal
what is the catastrophe theory
increase in physiological arousal, leads to an increase in performance up to a certain (optimal point)
after optimal point person percieves an imablance of stress which leas to what and what happens to performance
stress leads to cognitive anxiety
and performance is suddenly dropped
what are two factor of why over-arousal influences performance
- somatic (muscle)
- cognitive effects (attention-concentration)
what are 4 implications for coachings about arousal
- know your playes as individuals
- reduce importance of outcome
- reduce uncertainty
- help athletes to manage arousal levels
