Part 2 - Social Relationships Among The Indigenous Peoples Around 1500

Question 1

How did the Algonquin social organization work?

Answer 1

Nuclear Family —> Hunting group —> Band —> Nation —>

Question 2

What is an Algonquin nuclear family?

Answer 2

Composed of parents and children and they all live in a wigwam

Question 3

What is an Algonquin hunting group?

Answer 3

In fall, a few Algonquin families grouped together

Question 4

What is an Algonquin band?

Answer 4

In summer, abundant resources made it possible for several families to form a band

Question 5

What is an Algonquin nation?

Answer 5

All of the bands that had a common language and culture formed a nation

Question 6

How did the Iroquoian social organization work?

Answer 6

Nuclear Family & Extended Family —> Clan —> Village —> Nation —> Confederacy or League

Question 7

What was an Iroquoian nuclear family?

Answer 7

Several nuclear families belonging to the same matrilineal lineage lived in the same longhouse. They formed an extended family and belonged to the same clan. After marriage, the husband went to live in his wife’s longhouse and joined her extended family and clan

Question 8

What was an Iroquoian clan?

Answer 8

Made up of families descended from the same maternal ancestor

Question 9

What was an Iroquoian village?

Answer 9

Made up of several longhouses, each being associated with a clan

Question 10

What was an Iroquoian nation?

Answer 10

Composed of several villages that shared the same language and culture

Question 11

What was an Iroquoian confederacy or League?

Answer 11

Certain Iroquoian nations joined together to form confederacies or leagues for security, defence and to promote their common interests

Question 12

How did Algonquins make decisions? Why did they make them like that?

Answer 12

They made decisions quickly since they lived in small groups, often at great distances from each other.

Question 13

What were Inuit decisions based on?

Answer 13

They were made and based on consensus which is a majority or unanimous agreement among the members of a community on an issue that concerns the group

Question 14

How did Algonquins age decisions?

Answer 14

Chiefs made daily decisions and more complex decisions were debated in council which was an assembly that brings together chiefs or certain members of a community to discuss an issue and make decisions

Question 15

What did Indigenous people use instead of writing in the early 16th century?

Answer 15

Their culture and knowledge was transmitted orally

Question 16

What role did the Indigenous people attach great importance to? Who was assigned to this role? What did they have to do?

Answer 16

To speaking publicly in order to teach and tell stories. This role was assigned to elders to transmit values, beliefs, culture of their nation to future generations

Question 17

What was spirituality closely tied to?

Answer 17

Environment

Question 18

What did they think about humans in relation to nature?

Answer 18

That humans weren’t superior beings that dominated nature, rather that humans were equal to all other beings

Question 19

What did the Algonquins and Iroquoian believe about all the elements of their environment?

Answer 19

That humans, animals, plants, rocks, etc. all had a spirit

Question 20

How did the Indigenous people attract the goodwill of spirits?

Answer 20

They sought to communicate with them in various ways such as rituals

Question 21

What did the Indigenous people believe hunter’s success was based on?

Answer 21

Not only skill but also on the hunter’s respect for the animal’s spirit