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MTAP - Virology Book (Finals) > Part 2: RNA Viruses > Flashcards

Part 2: RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

This virus include 29 spherical, enveloped RNA viruses that have T-shaped glycoprotein spikes, irregular shaped capsid containing two segment, single stranded RNA genome

A

Arenavirus

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2
Q

Arenavirus usually infects

A

Rodents (Bats)

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3
Q

MOT of arena virus: Human transmission

A

Inhalation of aerosols of infected rodent excrement (ie. urine, saliva, feces, nasal secretions) or direct contact with infected rodents

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4
Q

Arenaviruses capable of causing disease in humans

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Lassa Fever virus

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5
Q

Arenavirus that has been identified in cases of aseptic meningitis in Europe and the Americas.

A

LCMV

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6
Q

Arenavirus that has been associated with influenza-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, shock, and death

A

Lassa Fever virus

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7
Q

This virus is an RNA virus consisting of three single-stranded RNA segments enclosed in a helical nucleocapsid that is surrounded by a lipid envelope.

A

Bunyavirus

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8
Q

MOT of Bunyavirus

A

Rodent-borne and transmitted through exposure (inhalation) to aerosolized rodent excreta

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9
Q

The disease associated with Bunyavirus

A

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

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10
Q

New virus (bunyavirus) is called?
but later changed into

A

Muerto Canyon virus changed to Sin Nombre (no name) virus

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11
Q

Primary host of Sin Nomber Virus

A

Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

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12
Q

This hantavirus is carried by the rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), was first discovered in a male from the state of Louisiana.

A

Bayou virus

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13
Q

The carrier of of Black Creek Canal virus

A

Cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)

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14
Q

The carrier implicated in a case of a hantavirus infection called the New York-1 virus.

A

White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)

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15
Q

Lab diagnosis of Hantavirus relies on

A

Hantavirus-specific IgM or IgG antibody

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16
Q

Small (30-38 nm), rounded, nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive RNA viruses that cause acute gastro- enteritis in humans

A

Calicivirus

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17
Q

The virus causes respiratory disease in cats, a vesicular disease in swine, and a hemorrhagic disease in rabbits.

A

Calicivirus

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18
Q

MOT of Calicivirus

A

Fecal-oral

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19
Q

Members of Human Calicivirus that primary causes viral gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus and Sapovirus

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20
Q

Most widely used identification of Norovirus

A

RT-PCR

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21
Q

Pleomorphic, roughly spherical, medium- sized, enveloped RNA viruses, helical capsid with crownlike surface projections

A

Coronavirus

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22
Q

MOT of Coronavirus

A

Unknown, probably direct contact or aerosol

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23
Q

Disease associated with Coronavirus

A

Common cold; possibly gastroenteritis, especially in children; SARS

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24
Q

Useful in confirmatory testing with antigen- or nucleic acid-based methods

A

Modified cell cultures

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25
Q

Considered the most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses.

A

Filoviridae family

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26
Q

The term filo means (referring to the virus’s long, filamentous structural morphology)

A

Threadlike

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27
Q

Pleomorphic, enveloped, nonsegmented, single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses. Filamentous morphology appears number 6, U or circular in EM

A

Filoviruses

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28
Q

This filovirus displays the characteristic “shepherd’s hook” morphology.

A

Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus

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29
Q

The term used to describe a severe multisystem syndrome in which multiple organ systems are affected throughout the body.

A

Viral hemorrhagic fever

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30
Q

MOT of Filovirus

A

Human-to-human transmission via body fluids and respiratory droplets

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31
Q

Disease associated with Filovirus

A

Severe hemorrhage and liver necrosis; mortality as high as 90%

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32
Q

The first filovirus was detected in Marburg, Germany after handling an imported

A

African Green Monkey (Tissue)

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33
Q

The other filovirus that was named after a rive in Zaire (Republic of Congo)

A

Ebola Virus

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34
Q

For diagnosis of Filovirus, we must use

A

Electron microscopy, cell culture in monkey kidney cells; Biosafety Level 4 required

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35
Q

Single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome surrounded by spherical and icosahedral capsid with envelope. Derived from the Latin word “yellow”

A

Flavivirus

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36
Q

MOT of Arboviruses under Flavivirus (Ie. Yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Japanese and St. Louis encephalitis)

A

Arthropod vector, usually mosquito

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37
Q

This Arbovirus (flavivirus) primarily infects liver cells, resulting in fever, jaundice, and hemorrhage

A

Yellow fever virus

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38
Q

This Arbovirus (flavivirus) is associated with outbreak in Brazil led to reports of Guillain-Barre syndrome and pregnant women giving birth to babies with birth defects and poor pregnancy outcomes.

A

Zika virus

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39
Q

The most prevalent arbovirus (flavivirus) in the world; more than 100 million people are infected annually. It is the leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics.

A

Dengue virus

40
Q

T/F: There is no dengue vaccine available

A

True *accd. to Bailey’s

41
Q

This flavivirus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle. Birds are the natural reservoir for the virus.

A

West Nile Virus

42
Q

T/F: West Nile virus also has been transmitted person to person through blood transfusions, tissue transplantation, and via human breast milk

43
Q

The flavivirus that causes hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)

A

Hepatitis C virus

44
Q

Previously classified in the family of caliciviruses, small, nonenveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome

45
Q

MOT of Hepatitis E (Hepevirus)

A

Fecal-oral

46
Q

T/F: HEV was discovered in Asia by a Russian virologist who volunteered to drink stool filtrates from a patient with an unidentified form of hepatitis. The virus is waterborne.

47
Q

With HEV infections, this demonstrates increased levels

A

Serum bilirubin, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IgM and IgG antibodies

48
Q

Method recommended to confirm positive serology results in areas where HEV is not endemic.

A

Nucleic acid testing

49
Q

Segmented (eight separate molecules), single-stranded, ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome; helical capsid with envelope

A

Orthomyxovirus

50
Q

Influenza virus A, influenza virus B, and influenza virus C can be distinguished based on the antigenic differences in

A

Matrix protein (M) and the nucleoprotein (NP)

51
Q

Influenza A is subdivided based on what major surface glycoproteins?

A

Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA)

52
Q

Glycoprotein that has rod-shaped spikes that enable viral attachment to sialic acid–containing cellular receptors that can initiate infection

A

HA Protein

53
Q

Glycoprotein that has mushroom-shaped spikes. They facilitate the release of mature virions from infected cells and assist in viral movement through mucus to adjacent cells.

A

NA Protein

54
Q

The influenza virus naturally infects many bird species, swine, seals, felines, and horses

A

Influenza A

55
Q

MOT of Influenza A

A

Contact with respiratory secretions

56
Q

It is a continuous, gradual form of change in the viral genome during replication. Occurs in all viral influenza types

A

Antigenic Drift

57
Q

It is a more dramatic change in the viral genome and only occurs with influenza A viruses, causes periodic worldwide outbreaks

A

Antigenic Shift

58
Q

Similar to “mild” influenza

A

Influenza B

59
Q

The mild form of influenza causing URTIs

A

Influenza C

60
Q

Strain of Influenza referred to as the bird flu/avian virus

A

H5N1 influenza virus

61
Q

T/F: Bacterial coinfections are common with influenza, possibly because of viral NA-induced changes in the respiratory epithelium that allow increased bacterial adherence or decreased mucociliary clearance. (ie. MRSA)

62
Q

Samples for influenza may be stored in?

A

4°C for up to 5 day

63
Q

Do not have a segmented genome, as do the orthomyxoviruses, and therefore do not undergo antigenic shift. they are spherical, enveloped RNA virus

A

Paramyxovirus

64
Q

The most common cause of croup

A

Parainfluenza 1

65
Q

MOT of Paramyxovirus

A

inoculation of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract with infectious secretions transmitted on fomites or as large, droplet aerosols.

66
Q

It is an acute, self-limiting disease characterized by parotitis (inflamed salivary gland) accompanied by a high temperature (fever) and fatigue.

67
Q

MOT of Mumps virus

A

Person-to-person contact, presumably respiratory droplets

68
Q

One of six classic childhood diseases capable of causing a rash or skin eruption (exanthem)

69
Q

MOT of measles virus

A

Contact with respiratory secretions; extremely contagious

70
Q

The hallmark rash of measles infection characterized by bluish white spots with red halo located on the buccal or labial mucosa is referred to as

A

Koplik spots

70
Q

Is a newly discovered virus closely related to RSV. Associated with winter epidemics

A

Metapneumovirus

71
Q

MOT of Metapneumovirus

A

Person to person

72
Q

Is a recently discovered paramyxovirus capable of causing respiratory disease in pigs and acute, febrile encephalitis in humans.

A

Nipah virus

73
Q

Small, nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. Simplest among the RNA virus and has limited surface elaboration

A

Picornavirus

74
Q

Picornvirus that are responsible for a variety of diseases and conditions, including aseptic meningitis, paralytic poliomyelitis, and encephalitis, in addition to respiratory illness, myocarditis, and pericarditis.

A

Enterovirus

75
Q

MOT of Picorvirus

A

Fecal-oral

76
Q

Virus associated with an acute, flaccid (relaxed, “rag doll”) paralysis that affected their ability to breathe.

A

Polio enterovirus

77
Q

This drug commonly was administered as a sugar cube coated with the vaccine

A

Sabin oral live attenuated vaccine

78
Q

Enterovirus diagnosis is confirmed using

A

Panenterovirus IFA

79
Q

The cause of the common cold. Its name re- flects the fact that the primary infection and replication site is the epithelial cells in the nose.

A

Rhinovirus

80
Q

Another member of the picornaviruses, causes an infectious nonchronic hepatitis.

A

Hepatitis A virus

81
Q

Hepa A virus is usually transmitted thru

A

Contaminated food or water or household contact with an infected person. Sharing of contaminated needle

82
Q

First isolated from respiratory and enteric specimens. Segmented, double-stranded, ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome; icosahedral capsid with no envelope

83
Q

MOT of Reovirus

A

Fecal-oral; survives well on inanimate objects

84
Q

Common human pathogens of this Reovirus family include

A

Rotavirus and the agent of Colorado tick fever

85
Q

Reovirus that is recognized as the major causative agent of infantile severe gastroenteritis throughout the world. Worldwide

86
Q

Constitutes a large group of viruses that primarily infect vertebrates. Virus that has single-stranded, ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome; icosahedral capsid with envelope; reverse transcriptase converts genomic RNA into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Retrovirus

87
Q

Site of Latency for HIV 1 and HIV 2

A

CD4 T Lymphocytes

88
Q

MOT of HIVs

A

Sexual contact, blood exposure, perinatal exposure

89
Q

Virus that infects plants, arthropods, fish, and mammals. Has single-stranded, ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome; helical capsid with envelope, bullet-shaped

A

Rhabdovirus

90
Q

MOT of Rhabdovirus (Rabies)

A

Bite of rabid animal

91
Q

The Family of virus which Includes rubella virus and the alpha viruses, a large group of mosquito- borne arboviruses. Single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome and icosahedral capsid with envelope

92
Q

MOT of Togavirus

A

Direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions or by congenital transmission

93
Q

“German measles,” is usually a benign disease characterized by fever and rash caused by?

A

Rubella virus

94
Q

Causes Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis

A

Alphavirus

95
Q

MOT of Alphavirus

A

Arthropod vector (Mosquito)

96
Q

A potential agents of hepatitis, transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV), and hepatitis G virus (HGV).

A

Astrovirus

MTAP - Virology Book (Finals) (3 decks)

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