part 2 middle ages Flashcards
Origins of western music
- greece
- rome
- music in plays and doctrine of ethos
- military ceremonial music
The middle/dark ages
- dates
- early middle ages
- europe
- 450-1450
- fall of rome 476 AD - 1000 AD
- no strong central authority
Late middle ages
- date
- 7 things emerged
- 1000-1450
- cathedrals
- chivalry
- universities
- music notation
- polyphony
- black death
- crusades
- cathedrals
2 types of music that emerged in the middle ages
- sacred music
2. secular music
gregorian chant
- official music of
- used in 2 services
- texture
- language
- used
- the church
- mass and office
- monophonic
- latin
- church modes
church modes are different from
major and minor scales
Pope Gregory the Great
- what did he do
- when were the chants composed
reorganized the liturgy during his reign (590-604)
-after he died (600-1300)
5 parts of the mass
- Kyrie (lord have mercy)
- Gloria (glory to god)
- Credo (creed)
- Sanctus (holy, holy)
- agnus dei (lamb of god)
when was sung Alleluia
during special feast days
Hildegard of Bingens’s
- who was Hildegard
- women were not allowed to
- german nun (1098 - 1179) who wrote many monophonic songs and morality plays
- sing in church but nuns allowed in convents
Sacred music
-3 examples
- Gregorian chant (monophony)
- Organum (simple polyphony)
- school of notre dame (measured rhythm)
Organum and birth of the polyphony
gregorian chant + 1, 2, or 3 melodies
The school of notre dame
- type of architecture
- texture
- type of rhythm
- gothic (pointed arch)
- polyphony
- measured
secular music
- 2 things
- century
- what happened in that century
- what did it result in
- crusades and chivalry
- 14th
- Hundred years’ war and black death
- weakened church and feudal system
secular music
- poet musicians S. and N. France
- Jongleurs
- estampie
- Troubadours (S France)
- Trouveres (N France)
- Minstrels
- dance in triple meter
Music in the middle ages
- texture
- harmony
- notation
- rhythm
- later: rise of
- Monophony (chant) to polyphony (organum, school of notre dame, poly phonic mass)
- church modes/scales
- pitch, later emerged with rhythm
- from free to measured rhythm
- secular music
the renaissance
-focuses on 6 things
- Humanism
- Classical (greek/rome) art and mythology - the body
- florence, the medicis, the arts
- Exploring the world
- Protestant reformation
- printing
Sacred music: Mass
- music director at St. Peter’s
- Counter reformation
- Council of trent
- Palestrina
- composed 104 masses and 450 other sacred works
- music lost its purity so Palestrina to the rescue
council of trent
-example
Kyrie, from Pope Marcellus Mass
Kyrie
- how many voices
- texture
- type of rhythm
- 6 - fuller sound
- polyphonic
- measured rhythm
Musical life
- from church to
- what could the rich afford
- centers
- courts; music director: court and entertainment chapel, female virtuoso court singers
- music education
- flanders and italy
Secular music
-example
Madrigal
Madrigal
- definition
- word painting
- textures
- began in
- how many voices
- to honor who
- for several solo voices set to a short poem
- musical illustration of a text
- homophonic and polyphonic textures
- italy
- 6 voices
- queen elizabeth
Secular music: lute songs
- example
- texture
- flow my tears
- homophonic
Musical features: genres
-3
- Mass
- Madrigal
- Lute song
Mass example
Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass
Madrigal example
Weelkes’ As Vesta Was Descending
Lute song example
Flow My Tears
Muscial features: texture
-2 types
- Mainly polyphonic (especially imitation) with 4-6 voices
2. Homophonic in dances, lute songs
Musical features: rhythm
gentle flow, more measured
