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GCSE History: Migration > Part 2: Looking West > Flashcards

Part 2: Looking West Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the Virginia Company import from America?

A

Tobacco, fish, furs, timber

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2
Q

Who were the Sea Dogs?

A

An authorised branch of pirates (privateers) created by Elizabeth I in the mid 16th century.

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3
Q

What did the Sea Dogs do?

A

They attacked and plundered Spanish ships. 10-15% of the Spanish fleet was eradicated because of them.

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4
Q

When did John Cabot go to Canada?

A

1496 and found Newfoundland

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5
Q

When was Virginia founded and why?

A
  1. Fertile land to grow crops and tobacco. Served as a base to attack the Spanish
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6
Q

When was Massachusetts founded and why?

A
  1. Puritan settlers wanted to practice their religion freely there.
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7
Q

What was the Starving Time and why did it happen?

A
  1. Natives stopped trading food with the colonists as John Smith believed that the Natives should work for him. Hundreds starved to death.
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8
Q

How many Native Americans were in British territory in 1500?

A

560,000

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9
Q

How many Native Americans were in British territory in 1700?

A

<280,000 (due to disease and loss of land)

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10
Q

Who saved John Smith and when?

A

Pocahontas in 1607

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11
Q

What was Pocahontas’ name changed to?

A

Rebecca

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12
Q

Who did Pocahontas marry and why was it significant?

A

John Rolfe, a successful tobacco planter. This was the first interracial church wedding which led to brief peace.

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13
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

A

4th July 1776

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14
Q

When was the American War of Independence?

A

1775-1783

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15
Q

When did the British surrender in the War of Independence?

A

Battle of Yorktown, 1781

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16
Q

When was the Boston Tea Party and how was it significant?

A
  1. A group of Americans boarded the EIC vessel ‘Dartmouth’ and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbour. This act remains important in American patriotic folklore. Powerful statement as tea symbolised the British.
17
Q

What and when was the Stamp Act?

A
  1. A tax was placed on anything with a stamp. Britain needed the money as the Seven Years’ War had left them financially unstable.
18
Q

What were the Townshend Duties?

A

1767 and 1768. Indirect taxation of glass, paint, paper, lead and tea.

19
Q

When was the Boston Massacre and why was it significant?

A

March 1770. The unfair taxes (Stamp Act, Townshend Duties) angered Americans and tensions erupted into a fight where the British soldiers opened fire at civilians. 5 died.
Energised anti-British sentiment
Paved way for American Revolution

20
Q

Who were allies of the Americans?

A

Spain, France, Netherlands

21
Q

Who were the Huguenots?

A

French Protestants in the 16th and 17th Century

22
Q

When and what was the Edict of St Germain?

A
  1. Allowed Huguenots to practice their religion
23
Q

When was the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?

A

August 1572

24
Q

How many died in the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?

A

70, 000

25
Q

When and what was the Edict of Fontainebleau?

A

In 1685. Protestantism was made illegal.

26
Q

How many Huguenots fled?

A

200,000

27
Q

How did Huguenots assimilate?

A

-Changed their surnames (Blanc to White)
-Intermarriage
-Greatly helped economy- watch and gun making, made 70% of British paper

28
Q

When were the Jacobite Rebellions and why were they significant?

A

1715,1745,1746.
After Queen Anne died in 1714, George of Hanover was made king. He was Protestant so the Catholic Highlanders hated him.

29
Q

Name and describe 2 successful Highlanders.

A

David Livingstone- explorer who played a part in the Scramble for Africa
Adam Smith- founder of modern economics

30
Q

When did Highlanders get evicted?

A

1780s

31
Q

When was the Ulster Plantation started?

A

1609

32
Q

Who was the first Briton to participate in the slave trade?

A

John Hawkins

33
Q

How and when did John Hawkins acquire slaves?

A

In 1562. John Hawkins raided a Portuguese slave ship

34
Q

Name a company that helped to finance the Ulster Plantation.

A

The Mercers’ Company

35
Q

How much land did the Mercers’ Company get in exchange for money?

A

21,600 acres

36
Q

Why was the Ulster Plantation created?

A

James I wanted to unite his 3 kingdoms (England, Scotland, NI).
However the Irish didn’t like James as they were Catholic and he was Protestant.
People from England and Scotland were encouraged to go to Ulster to make it friendlier towards James.

GCSE History: Migration (6 decks)

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