Part 2: Looking West Flashcards
What did the Virginia Company import from America?
Tobacco, fish, furs, timber
Who were the Sea Dogs?
An authorised branch of pirates (privateers) created by Elizabeth I in the mid 16th century.
What did the Sea Dogs do?
They attacked and plundered Spanish ships. 10-15% of the Spanish fleet was eradicated because of them.
When did John Cabot go to Canada?
1496 and found Newfoundland
When was Virginia founded and why?
- Fertile land to grow crops and tobacco. Served as a base to attack the Spanish
When was Massachusetts founded and why?
- Puritan settlers wanted to practice their religion freely there.
What was the Starving Time and why did it happen?
- Natives stopped trading food with the colonists as John Smith believed that the Natives should work for him. Hundreds starved to death.
How many Native Americans were in British territory in 1500?
560,000
How many Native Americans were in British territory in 1700?
<280,000 (due to disease and loss of land)
Who saved John Smith and when?
Pocahontas in 1607
What was Pocahontas’ name changed to?
Rebecca
Who did Pocahontas marry and why was it significant?
John Rolfe, a successful tobacco planter. This was the first interracial church wedding which led to brief peace.
When was the Declaration of Independence signed?
4th July 1776
When was the American War of Independence?
1775-1783
When did the British surrender in the War of Independence?
Battle of Yorktown, 1781
When was the Boston Tea Party and how was it significant?
- A group of Americans boarded the EIC vessel ‘Dartmouth’ and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbour. This act remains important in American patriotic folklore. Powerful statement as tea symbolised the British.
What and when was the Stamp Act?
- A tax was placed on anything with a stamp. Britain needed the money as the Seven Years’ War had left them financially unstable.
What were the Townshend Duties?
1767 and 1768. Indirect taxation of glass, paint, paper, lead and tea.
When was the Boston Massacre and why was it significant?
March 1770. The unfair taxes (Stamp Act, Townshend Duties) angered Americans and tensions erupted into a fight where the British soldiers opened fire at civilians. 5 died.
Energised anti-British sentiment
Paved way for American Revolution
Who were allies of the Americans?
Spain, France, Netherlands
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants in the 16th and 17th Century
When and what was the Edict of St Germain?
- Allowed Huguenots to practice their religion
When was the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
August 1572
How many died in the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
70, 000
When and what was the Edict of Fontainebleau?
In 1685. Protestantism was made illegal.
How many Huguenots fled?
200,000
How did Huguenots assimilate?
-Changed their surnames (Blanc to White)
-Intermarriage
-Greatly helped economy- watch and gun making, made 70% of British paper
When were the Jacobite Rebellions and why were they significant?
1715,1745,1746.
After Queen Anne died in 1714, George of Hanover was made king. He was Protestant so the Catholic Highlanders hated him.
Name and describe 2 successful Highlanders.
David Livingstone- explorer who played a part in the Scramble for Africa
Adam Smith- founder of modern economics
When did Highlanders get evicted?
1780s
When was the Ulster Plantation started?
1609
Who was the first Briton to participate in the slave trade?
John Hawkins
How and when did John Hawkins acquire slaves?
In 1562. John Hawkins raided a Portuguese slave ship
Name a company that helped to finance the Ulster Plantation.
The Mercers’ Company
How much land did the Mercers’ Company get in exchange for money?
21,600 acres
Why was the Ulster Plantation created?
James I wanted to unite his 3 kingdoms (England, Scotland, NI).
However the Irish didn’t like James as they were Catholic and he was Protestant.
People from England and Scotland were encouraged to go to Ulster to make it friendlier towards James.
