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History (Elizabethan England) > Part 2 - Life in the Elizabethan Times > Flashcards

Part 2 - Life in the Elizabethan Times Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons for poverty in Elizabethan England?

A
  • Actions of previous monarchs.
  • Changes in agriculture
  • Flu outbreak
  • Population increases
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2
Q

How did the actions of previous monarchs lead to poverty?

A
  • Henry VII limited the right of nobles to have armies, this left many soldiers unemployed.
  • The Reformation meant many clergy members were unemployed.
  • The Reformation left the sick and poor helpless.
    -Economic problems led to the collapse of the cloth trade.
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3
Q

How did changes in agriculture lead to poverty?

A
  • Bad harvests between 1594 and 1598 led to food shortages and starvation.
  • A new farming technique known as enclosure meant less workers were needed.
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4
Q

How did the flu outbreak lead to poverty?

A

The flu outbreak killed 200,000 people including farm workers.

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5
Q

How did the population increase lead to poverty?

A
  • The population increased from 2.8 million to 4 million.
  • This meant there were few places to live and lead to rack renting.
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6
Q

What were the two categories of the poor?

A
  • Deserving poor
  • Undeserving poor
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7
Q

Attitudes to the deserving poor?

A
  • Many believed it was their duty to help those below them in society.
  • They recognised that many paupers couldn’t help their situation.
  • Charities for the poor grew and almhouses were established.
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8
Q

Attitudes to the undeserving poor?

A
  • Some paupers were seen as underserving: untrustworthy beggars who had no interest in honest work.
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9
Q

Methods used by vagabonds?

A
  • The Counterfeit Crank bit soap so he frothed at the mouth and gained sympathy and money from people.
  • The Baretop Trickster would remove clothing to make men follow them then their accomplices would beat the man.
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10
Q

Attempts to deal with poverty before Elizabeth?

A
  • From 1495 beggars were put in the stocks.
  • From 1531 beggars were publicly whipped, those caught a 2nd time would have a hole burnt in their ear, a 3rd offence would mean they were hanged.
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11
Q

What happened in 1576?

A

The ‘Act for setting the poor on work’ was passed and place the responsibility of the poor on local authorities.

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12
Q

How did York deal with the poor?

A
  • In 1515 the city issued beggar licences.
  • From1528 a master beggar was appointed to keep order
  • If beggars refused to work they were sent to the House of Correction.
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13
Q

How did Ipswich deal with the poor?

A
  • in 1569 a licensing system was introduced.
  • A hospital was opened to help the old and sick.
  • A youth training scheme was introduced to help children learn a trade to escape poverty in the future.
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14
Q

How did Norwich deal with the poor?

A
  • In 1570 poor were separated into ‘idle poor’ and ‘unfortunate poor’
  • The ‘idle poor’ were given work, the ‘unfortunate poor’ were given food and care.
  • Rich citizens were taxed to pay for the care of the vulnerable.
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15
Q

What happened in 1601?

A

The 1st ever national Poor Law was introduced.

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16
Q

What happened under the Poor Law?

A
  • The poor were divided into 3 categories: the helpless poor (sick and old), the able-bodied poor (fit to work), the idle poor (won’t work).
  • The wealthy were taxed to help the vulnerable.
  • Fit paupers given work.
  • Idle poor sent to the House of Correction.
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17
Q

How effective was the 1601 Poor Law?

A

It did make a difference to some paupers and begging seemed to decrease.
HOWEVER
Some argue the law was unsuccessful because people were being sent from one area to another without receiving help.

18
Q

Who was Sir Francis Drake?

A

Drake was a Puritan English sailor and pirate, from 1577-1580 he completed the first circumnavigation of the globe.

19
Q

What did Drake achieve on his circumnavigation?

A

He mapped all of the South Americas, he raided Spanish ports (Valparaiso, Callao) and ships (Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion), he capture £40000 worth of treasure.

20
Q

What happened to Drake when he returned home?

A

He was knighted by Elizabeth on the Golden Hind.

21
Q

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

A

He was a English sailor who colonised Northern America.

22
Q

What did Walter Raleigh do?

A
  • In 1584 e was given permission to colonise America for England.
  • He stablished several colonies and brought wine and sugar back to England.
23
Q

Who was John Hawkins?

A
  • He was the cousin of Sir Francis Drake.
  • He was a key part of the slave trade.
  • He was also a successful privateer.
24
Q

What did John Hawkins do?

A
  • In 1564 he kidnapped several hundred West Africans and sold them in South American which gained him lots of wealth.
25
Q

What were the impacts of voyages made during Elizabeth’s reign?

A
  • Wealth
  • Power
  • Territory
26
Q

How was wealth effected by voyages of discovery?

A
  • Raiding Spanish ports brough wealth to England.
  • Trading systems were established (such as the Levant Company and the East India Company)
  • The slave trade brought significant wealth to Englishmen.
27
Q

How was power effected by voyages of discovery?

A
  • The navy grew and became more powerful.
  • Weapons and tactics at sea were developed.
28
Q

How was territory effected by voyages of discovery?

A
  • England started to establish colonies around the globe that would lead to England having the largest empire in the 1900s
29
Q

How was exploration possible?

A
  • Defences were improved, ships had better cannons.
  • Technology was better the lateen sail meant you could sail faster.
  • The astrolabe allowed sails to judge their position more accurately.
30
Q

What were the two parts of Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement?

A

The Act of Supremacy
The Act of Uniformity

31
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy state?

A
  • Elizabeth re-established break from Rome
  • Elizabeth given title of Supreme Governor.
  • All of the clergy to swear an oath to Elizabeth.
32
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity state?

A
  • No Catholic mass
  • Bible and church services written in English.
  • Clergy allowed to marry.
  • Catholic pilgrimages were banned.
  • Priests to wear Catholic vestments.
33
Q

What challenge to Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement occurred in 1569?

A

The Northern Rebellion:
When Norfolk was not allowed to marry MQoS, Westmorland and Northumberland took over Durham Cathedral and held a Catholic mass. They marched south with 4600 men but were stopped by Sussex.

34
Q

What challenge to Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement occurred in 1570?

A

The Papal Bull:
The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth from the Church in Rome.

35
Q

What challenge to Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement occurred in 1571?

A

The Ridolfi Plot:
Ridolfi (an Italian banker) and Norfolk decided a 2nd Northern Rebellion would coincide with an invasion from foreign Catholic and MQoS would be put on the throne.

36
Q

What Catholic threat occurred in 1583?

A

The Throckmorton Plot:
Led by Sir Francis Throckmorton the plan was have an uprising of English Catholic coincide with a French invasion then replace Elizabeth with MQoS.

37
Q

What Catholic threat occurred in 1586?

A

The Babington Plot:
Led by Anthony Babington the plan was to kill Elizabeth and replace her with MQoS. The plot was discovered and led to the execution of MQoS.

38
Q

Who were the Jesuits?

A

They came as missionaries from the Society of Jesus, with the purpose to convert England back to Catholicism.

39
Q

Who were the key Jesuits in England?

A

Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons.

40
Q

How and why did Elizabeth’s religious stance change?

A

After more and more Catholic threats Elizabeth took a harsher approach towards Catholics, introducing more anti-Catholic laws?

41
Q

Anti-Catholic Laws introduced?

A

1571 - Recusancy fines imposed on those who did not go to church (wasn’t enforced to harshly at first)

1581 - Recusancy fines increased to £20 and was strictly enforced.

1585 - Any Catholic priest ordained after 1559 was considered a traitor.

1593 - Catholic couldn’t travel more than 5 miles from their home.

42
Q

What happened to the Jesuits?

A

Campion was hung drawn and quartered. The Act Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests called for Jesuits to be driven out of England.

History (Elizabethan England) (2 decks)

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