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History (Elizabethan England) > Part 1 - Elizabeth's Court and Parliament > Flashcards

Part 1 - Elizabeth's Court and Parliament Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain Elizabeth’s heritage.

A

Elizabeth’s mother was Anne Boleyn and her father was Henry VIII. Henry executed Anne when Elizabeth was young.

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2
Q

What was patronage?

A

Patronage was an easy way of ensuring loyalties fro courtiers. Elizabeth would award titles, land and monopolies in exchange for support.

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3
Q

Who had power in Elizabethan England?

A
  • Lord Lieutenants
  • Parliament
  • Justices of Peace
  • Privy Council
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4
Q

Who were the Lord Lieutenants?

A
  • Appointed by the queen
  • Responsible for running part of the country.
  • Responsible for raising militia for the queen if needed.
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5
Q

What was the Justices of the Peace?

A
  • several in every county.
  • responsible for maintaining order and enforcing the law.
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6
Q

What was Parliament?

A
  • Made up of the House of Lords and House of Commons.
  • Influenced tax and responsible for passing laws.
  • The queen could choose when to call Parliament and was free to ignore their advice.
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7
Q

What was the Privy Council?

A
  • Responsible for the day-to-day runnign of the country.
  • Members appointed by the queen (but she had to appoint the most powerful landowner to prevent rebellions)
  • Led by Secretary of State.
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8
Q

Name to important members of the Privy Council?

A

William Cecil and Francis Walsingham.

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9
Q

What were the problems Elizabeth faced when she came to the throne?

A
  • Succession
  • Religion
  • Foreign Policy
  • Taxation
  • Ireland
  • Mary, Queen of Scots
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10
Q

Why was succession a problem?

A

Having no clear heir often left England in a state of unease.

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11
Q

Why was religion a problem?

A

England was religiously divided, this had created instability and violence.

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12
Q

Why was foreign policy a problem?

A
  • Catholic countries such as Spain + France wanted influence over England.
  • A key area of tension was the Netherlands.
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13
Q

Why was taxation a problem?

A
  • The country was short of money and Elizabeth needed to raise taxes but poverty was widespread and tax would be very unpopular.
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14
Q

Why was Ireland a problem?

A

Elizabeth considered herself to be Queen of Ireland she faced many major revolts in her reign.

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15
Q

Why was Mary QoS a problem?

A

Many thought she was the rightful Queen of England this made her a threat.

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16
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s potential suitors?

A
  • Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alencon
    (The French King’s brother, he was Catholic, Elizabeth was 46 when the marriage was proposed)
  • King Philip II of Spain (
  • Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
17
Q

Arguments for marriage?

A
  • Marriage could create an alliance with a foreign country or a powerful English family.
  • Elizabeth could produce an heir.
  • An heir would stop Mary Queen of Scots ruling after Elizabeth.
18
Q

Arguments against marriage?

A
  • Marrying a foreign prince could lead England falling under their control.
  • Marrying and Englishman could create problems over who had authority.
  • Remaining unmarried meant Elizabeth kept her independence.
19
Q

What happened in 1562?

A

The Succession Crisis:
Elizabeth nearly died of smallpox and Parliament became increasingly concerned about the lack of an heir.

20
Q

What was Elizabeth’s relationship with Parliament like after the Succession Crisis?

A

Parliament began to openly discuss potential matches. Elizabeth was furious with what she saw as an unacceptable interference and she banned Parliament from discussing the topic.

21
Q

When did the Essex Rebellion occur?

A

1601

22
Q

Background of the Earl of Essex?

A
  • Essex had been a loyal subject throughout Elizabeth’s reign and was (for a time) one of her favourites.
  • He became a privy councillor in 1595 and was awarded a monopoly of sweet wine.
  • Essex developed a rivalry with Robert Cecil.
  • Essex pleased the queen when in1596 he successfully defeated the Spanish.
23
Q

Causes of the Essex Rebellion?

A
  • At a Privy Council meeting Essex had an argument with the queen he turned his back on the queen and she hit him on the side of the head - he nearly drew his sword.
  • Elizabeth sent him to deal with an Irish rebellion. He failed to defeat them and made a truce with them.
  • Essex rushed into her private chambers and caught her without her wig
  • Elizabeth took away his sweet wine monopoly.
24
Q

Events of the Essex Rebellion?

A

-In February 1601, Essex took 4 Privy Councillors hostage and marched them to his London house along with 200 supporters.
- Robert Cecil, responded by labelling Essex as a traitor, many supporters left and released the hostages.
- Essex and his remaining followers were arrested.

25
Q

Consequences of the Essex Rebellion?

A
  • Essex was put on trial for treason and was found guilty.
  • During interrogation he named other rebels including his sister.
  • He was executed in private on the 25th February 1601.
26
Q

What was the Great Chain of Being?

A

A structured system were everyone knew their place.

26
Q

Why did the gentry grow during Elizabethan times?

A

There was stability in the Elizabethan period meant people could make money from trade. The gentry grew as a result and began to fill position of power.

27
Q

What changed in the homes of the gentry during the Elizabethan era?

A
  • Houses stopped being used for defence but to display refined taste.
  • Usually symmetrical with open courtyard.
  • Lots of expensive glass windows to show wealth.
  • Great hall replaced by great chamber.
  • Number of rooms increased.
28
Q

Key members of the theatre in the Elizabethan era?

A

William Shakespeare - he wrote 38 plays. There were not biblical like previously.

Richard Burbage - leading member of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men and a theatre owner.

29
Q

Why was theatre so popular?

A
  • It was affordable
  • It was new and exciting
  • It was a social event
  • It was entertaining
  • Relevant to the time.
30
Q

Why was there opposition to the theatre?

A
  • Some saw it as sinful.
  • Puritans saw it as a distraction from prayer.
  • There were concerns that large gatherings would spread diseases.
  • Theatres were dangerous places were there was drunkenness, crime and immoral behaviour.
31
Q

Talk about the Globe Theatre.

A
  • Built by the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, Shakespeare’s theatre group in 1595 in London.
32
Q

Accomplishments of the ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • Art
  • Science + Technology
  • Education
  • Theatre
  • Exploration
33
Q

How did art develop during the ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • Portraits (including miniatures) became popular.
  • Decorative silverware and textiles became symbols of wealth.
34
Q

How did science and technology develop during the ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • There were breakthroughs in navigation and astronomy as there was a growing understanding of magnetism.
  • Printing presses improved.
35
Q

How did education develop during the ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • It was taken more seriously and wealthy boys and girls were being educated.
36
Q

How did theatre develop during the ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • Permanent theatres were built.
  • Theatre became popular throughout society.
37
Q

How did exploration develop during the ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • Europeans discovered new lands and peoples.
  • England became a major world power.
38
Q

Was it really a really a ‘Golden Age’?

A
  • Blood sports such as dog fighting and bear baiting remained popular.
  • Torture and execution were still used by gov.
  • A minority lived in luxury the rest lived in poverty.
  • Life expectancy was low.

History (Elizabethan England) (2 decks)

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