part 2\

Question 1

What are the developmental tasks for an infant 0-12 months?

Answer 1

trust vs mistrust

physical and emotional needs must be met

Question 2

What are some interventions/ implications for an infant 0-12 months (trust vs mistrust).

Answer 2

• limit number of caregivers
• too much stimulation can overload
• sucking relieves stress
• speak slowly, soothing voice
• distinguish touch, smells (explain verbally)
• swaddling, rocking, quiet environment
• limit restraints
• allow touch and exploration of unfamiliar objects
• allow parents to provide comfort

Question 3

What are the developmental tasks for an infant 12-36 months?

Answer 3

• autonomy vs shame and doubt
• needs parental support or may feel unlovable
• increased independence, exploring environment
• “no” favorite word

Question 4

What are some interventions/ implications for a toddler 12 -36 months (autonomy vs shame and doubt).

Answer 4

• incorporate home rituals, schedules, routines
• familiar objects
• handle unfamiliar objects
• simple explanations
• consistent caregivers
• parenteral support
• sit on mothers lap during procedures

Question 5

What are the developmental tasks for a pre-schooler age 3-5 years? ?

Answer 5

• initiative versus guilt
• meets or fails to meet expectations of self and others
• very self critical

Question 6

What are some interventions/ implications for a preschooler age 3-5?

Answer 6

• proceed slowly when meeting/approaching patient (try to build rapport first)
• explain each procedure in terms of what child will see, smell, feel, etc. (sensory info)
• avoid “good boy” say “good job” instead
• explain what behavior is expected of them
• can tolerate brief separation from family if it is explained
• reassure that crying/yelling is ok
• avoid talking about pt if they can hear
• explain noises and machines

Question 7

What are the developmental tasks for a school age (6-11)? `

Answer 7

• industry vs inferiority
• accomplishments lead to improved self esteem
• peer group is very important

Question 8

What are some interventions/ implications for a school age (6-11)?

Answer 8

• allow pt to make choices whenever possible (gives control)
• use clear, precise explanations
• provide pt with chances to succeed
• identify coping methods for procedures
• provide privacy

Question 9

What are the developmental tasks for a adolescent age 12-18 years?

Answer 9

• identity vs role confusion
• needs to separate from parents
• needs sense of autonomy that he/she is unique
• develops sexual identity
• rapid bodily changes
• questions authority
• early identification: group id
• late adolescence: personal id

Question 10

What are some interventions/ implications for a adolescent age 12-18?

Answer 10

• involve pt in decision making
• prepare pt in advance for procedures
• be honest and follow through on promises
• provide privacy