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Pathology definitions > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hemothorax

A

Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.

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2
Q

Herniation

A

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering membrane, muscle, or bone.

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3
Q

Heterotopia

A

Refers to microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations.

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4
Q

Hyaline

A

A clear, eosinophilic, homogeneous substance occuring in cellular degeneration.

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5
Q

Hydrothorax

A

Extravascular fluid collection in the pleural cavity.

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6
Q

Hyperchromasia

A

An increase in chromatin in cell nuclei, causing increased staining of nuclei within hematoxylin.

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7
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of cells in an organ that stems from increased proliferation, either of differentiated cells or, in some instances, less differentiated progenitor cells.

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8
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of the cells resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.

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9
Q

Infarction, anemic

A

Area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply to the affected tissue.

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10
Q

Infarction, hemorrhagic

A

Area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply to the affected tissue and consequential bleeding.

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11
Q

Inflammation, acute fibrinous

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage with fibrin-rich exudate.

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12
Q

Inflammation, acute hemorrhagic

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage with capillary endothelial destruction and consequent bleeding.

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13
Q

Inflammation, acute purulent

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage characterised by the production of pus.

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14
Q

Inflammation, acute serous

A

Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage marked by exudation of cell-poor fluid.

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15
Q

Inflammation, chronic active

A

Pattern of chronic mucosal inflammation mixed with acute inflammation of the glands.

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16
Q

Inflammation, chronic non-specific

A

Prolonged host response to persistent stimuli that may follow unresolved acute inflammation or be chronic from the onset.

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17
Q

Inflammation, chronic granulomatous

A

Forms of chronic inflammation characterised by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes and sometimes associated with central necrosis.

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18
Q

Invasion

A

Invasion refers to the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighbouring tissues.

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19
Q

Involution

A

Reduction of volume of an organ or tissue due to physiological processes.

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20
Q

Karyolysis

A

Form of nuclear destruction: fading.

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21
Q

Karyorrhexis

A

Form of nuclear destruction: fragmentation.

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22
Q

Koilocyte

A

HPV infected squamous epithelial cell characterised by nuclear irregularity, hyperchromasia and perinuclear halo.

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23
Q

Lithiasis

A

Formation of calculi (stones).

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24
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue.

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25
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast.

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26
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant tumor of melanocytes.

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27
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type.

28
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of a tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor and unequivocally marks a tumor as malignant.

29
Q

Necrosis

A

Form of cell death in which cellular membranes fall apart, and cellular enzymes leak out and ultimately digest the cell.

30
Q

Neoplasm

A

Tissue growth due to abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation.

31
Q

Oncogene

A

Genes that induce a transformed phenotype when expressed in cells by promoting increased cell growth.

32
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testis.

33
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign epithelial neoplasms, growing on any surface, that produce microscopic or macroscopic fingerlike fronds.

34
Q

Petechiae

A

Minute (1-2 mm) hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces.

35
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein.

36
Q

Phlebothrombosis

A

Venous thrombosis.

37
Q

Phlegmon

A

Diffuse form of acute purulent inflammation, spreading through tissue space over a large area without definite limits.

38
Q

Pleomorphism (polymorphism)

A

Variation of size and shape of cells, usually characteristic for malignant neoplasms.

39
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung.

40
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the thoracic cavity.

41
Q

Polyp

A

Mass that projects above a mucosal surface.

42
Q

Proctitis

A

Inflammation of the rectum.

43
Q

Pseudocyst

A

Liquefied areas of necrotic tissue become walled off by fibrous tissue to form a cystic space, lacking an epithelial lining.

44
Q

Pseudomembrane

A

Adherent layer of inflammatory cells and debris art sites of mucosal injury.

45
Q

Pustule

A

Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion.

46
Q

Pyknosis

A

Form of nuclear destruction: shrinkage.

47
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus in the thoracic cavity.

48
Q

Recurrence

A

Neoplasm growing at the same place of previously treated primary tumor.

49
Q

Regeneration

A

Replacement of damaged tissue components and essentially return to a normal state.

50
Q

Relapse

A

Return of a disease after its apparent cessation.

51
Q

Remission

A

Partial or complete disappearance of a chronic or a malignant disease.

52
Q

Repair

A

Regeneration by proliferation of residual cells and maturation of tissue stem cells, and the deposition of connective tissue to form a scar.

53
Q

Resolution

A

Restoration of the site of acute inflammation to normal.

54
Q

Salpingo-oophoritis

A

Inflammation of the adnex (ovary and tube).

55
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin.

56
Q

Shock

A

A state in which diminished cardiac output or reduced effective circulating blood volume impairs tissue perfusion and leads to cellular hypoxia.

57
Q

Stasis

A

Stagnation of fluid due to obstruction and congestion.

58
Q

Hepatic steatosis

A

Fatty degeneration of the liver.

59
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of a lumen.

60
Q

Suppuration

A

Formation of pus.

61
Q

Teratoma

A

Germ cell neoplasia that contains ecto-, endo- and mesodermal tissues.

62
Q

Thrombus

A

The formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel.

63
Q

Transudate

A

Fluid with low protein content, little or no cellular material, and low specific gravity (protein content: < 3 g/l).

64
Q

Tumor suppressor gene

A

Genes that normally prevent uncontrolled growth and, when mutated or lost from a cell, allow the transformed phenotype to develop.

65
Q

Ulcer

A

Local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing (shedding) of inflamed necrotic tissue.

Pathology definitions (2 decks)

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