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Pathology definitions > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collections of pus caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an organ, or a confined space.

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2
Q

Adenocarcenoma

A

Malignant tumor of glandular epithelium.

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3
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor of glandular epithelium.

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4
Q

Adhesion

A

Adhesions are fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between internal organs and tissues, joining them together abnormally.

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5
Q

Agenesis

A

Complete absence of an organ or is anlage.

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6
Q

Amyloidosis

A

Disorder characterized by the extracellular deposits of proteins that are prone to aggregate and form insoluble fibrils.

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7
Q

Anaplasia

A

Dedifferentiation, or loss of structural and functional differentiation of malignant tumors.

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8
Q

Aneurysm

A

Congenital or acquireddilations of blood vessels or the heart.

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9
Q

Aplasia

A

Incomplete development of an organ or its anlage.

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10
Q

Apoptosis

A

Pathway of cell death in which cells activate enzymes that degrade the cells´ own nuclear DNA and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.

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11
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries, arterial wall thickening and loss of elasticity.

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12
Q

Arteritis

A

Arterial wall inflammation.

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13
Q

Ascites

A

Extravascular fluid collection in the peritoneal cavity.

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14
Q

Atelectasis

A

Loss of lung volume caused by inadequate expansion of air spaces.

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15
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas that impinge on the vascular lumen and can rupture to cause sudden occlusion.

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16
Q

Atresia

A

Absence of an opening, usually of a hollow visceral organ or duct.

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17
Q

Atrophy

A

Shrinkage in the size of cells by the loss of cell substance.

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18
Q

Atypia

A

Structural abnormality in a cell due to reactive or neoplastic processes.

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19
Q

Autolysis

A

Enzymatic digestion of cells by enzymes present within them.

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20
Q

Balanitis

A

Local inflammation of the glans penis.

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21
Q

Biopsy

A

Process involving extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease.

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22
Q

Carcinogenesis

A

Multistep process resulting from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations that collectively give rise to the transformed phenotype causing malignant neoplasms.

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23
Q

Carcinoid

A

Malignant tumors composed of cells that contain dense-core neurosecretory granules in their cytoplasm, may secrete hormonally active polypeptides. Applied only in lung tumor classification of neuroendocrine tumors.

24
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cells.

25
Q

Carcinoma, in situ

A

Severe dysplastic changes which involve the entire thickness of the epithelium

26
Q

Carcinoma, microinvasive

A

Superficially invasive epithelial neoplasm, invasion detected only microscopically.

27
Q

Coarctation

A

Congenital narrowing or constriction of the aorta.

28
Q

Condyloma

A

HPV associated warty lesion of the genital squamous epithelium.

29
Q

Congestion

A

Passive process resulting from impaired outflow of venous blood from a tissue, causing increased blood volume within the tissue.

30
Q

Cyst

A

An abnormal closed epithelium-lined cavity in the body, containing liquid or semisolid material.

31
Q

Degeneration

A

Gradual deterioration of specific tissues, cells, or organs with corresponding impairment or loss of function.

32
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin.

33
Q

Desmoplasia

A

Tumor induced stromal reaction characterized by collagen rich connective tissue.

34
Q

Diverticulum

A

Acquired pseudodiverticular outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa.

35
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disorderly proliferation of the epithelium recognised by a loss in the uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation.

36
Q

Dystrophy

A

Abnormal development or growth of a tissue or organ, usually resulting from nutritional deficiency.

37
Q

Ectasia

A

Any local dilation of a structure.

38
Q

Ectopia

A

An abnormal location or position of an organ or a body part, occurring congenitally or as the result of an injury.

39
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues.

40
Q

Embolus

A

Detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood from its point of origin to a distant site, where it often causes tissue dysfunction or infarction.

41
Q

Emphysema

A

Permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls without significant fibrosis.

42
Q

Empyema

A

Pleural exudate caused by microbial invasion through either direct extension of a pulmonary infection or bloodborne seeding.

43
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, which may be infective or non-infective of origin.

44
Q

Endophytic

A

Tending to grow inward into tissues in fingerlike projections from a superficial site of origin – used for tumors

45
Q

Epithelioid cell

A

Activated macrophages which may develop abundant cytoplasm and begin to resemble epithelial cells.

46
Q

Erosion

A

The superficial destruction of a surface by friction, pressure, ulceration, or trauma.

47
Q

Exophytic

A

A neoplasm or lesion that grows outward from an epithelial surface.

48
Q

Exudate

A

Protein-rich fluid accumulation.

49
Q

Fibrosis

A

Excessive deposition of collagen and other ECM components in a tissue.

50
Q

Fistula

A

A permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the mitoses within the tumor.

51
Q

Grade

A

Level of malignancy based on the cytological differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitoses within the tumor.

52
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Material formed in the process of repair of wounds of soft tissue, consisting of connective tissue cells and ingrowing young vessels.

53
Q

Granuloma

A

Aggregates of activated macrophages with scattered lymphocytes.

54
Q

Hamartoma

A

A mass of disorganised tissue indigenous to the particular site.

55
Q

Hematoma

A

Hemorrhage accumulating within a tissue.

56
Q

Hemopericardium

A

Hemorrhage within the pericardial cavity.

Pathology definitions (2 decks)

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