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A and P II - Test 1 > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

27.In what infection is a child’s red bone marrow under threat of complete destruction, if the child is already suffering with a bone marrow disorder (e.g. Sickle cell trait, Sickle cell anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Hereditary Spherocytosis, Iron deficiency anemia and etc.)


A

Fifth disease (Erythema Infectiosum)


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2
Q

28.What is the management of Fifth disease (Erythema Infectiosum) in an otherwise healthy child?


A

Masterly inactivity

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3
Q

29.What is the causative microorganism of Fifth disease (Erythema Infectiosum)?


A

Parvo virus B19

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4
Q

30.What is the most common human enzyme defect (it is in fact found in the Red blood cells)?


A

G6PD deficiency

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5
Q

31.How many people in the planet on the average suffer with G6PD deficiency?


A

400 million

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6
Q

32.97% of the content of a red blood cell (discounting water) is a protein called

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

33.Hemoglobin has a reversible relationship with

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

34.What protein present in the membrane of a RBC confers the ability of “Dexterity of movement”, whereby the RBC can change its shape and squeeze itself through Narrow spaces?


A

Spectrin (along with Ankyrin)


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9
Q

35.In what genetic disorder Spectrin is malformed?


A

Hereditary Spherocytosis


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10
Q

36.Where is Hereditary Spherocytosis more prevalent?


A

Northern Europe and Japan

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11
Q

37.Hemoglobin is composed of:


A

a. Four globin chains

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12
Q

What are the four globin chains?

A

i. Alpha 1
ii. Alpha 2
iii. Beta 1
iv. Beta 2


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13
Q
  1. What is the last immature form of a red blood cell?

A

Reticulocyte

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14
Q

What is the percentage of Reticulocytes compared to Red blood cells:

A

1%

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15
Q

Function of Reticulocyte

A

It serves as a pole star/compass of Red Bone marrow function (with reference to the Red Blood Cells)


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16
Q
  1. Normal red blood cell counts:

A

Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/mcl
• Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcl


17
Q
  1. What organ of the body commands the red bone marrow to produce an adequate number of red blood cells?

A

Kidney

18
Q
  1. In response to low oxygen levels in the blood, the kidney produces a hormone?

What does it do?

A

“Erythropoietin” that stimulates the red bone marrow to produce red blood cells


19
Q
  1. Why all patients with end stage/advanced stage kidney disease present with Anemia?

A

As the Kidney is sick, adequate levels of “Erythropoietin” are not produced.


20
Q
  1. How much Iron is absorbed from the GIT system every day?

A

1-2mg

21
Q
  1. How much Iron is lost from the human body every day?

A

1-2 mg

22
Q
  1. What is the average storage amount of Iron in the human body?

A

4-5 g

23
Q
  1. Most of the Iron in the Human body is reserved at this location?

A

Hemoglobin

24
Q
  1. What is the life span of RBCs?

A

120 days

25
Q
  1. Once red blood cells are lysed, what is released?

A

Hemoglobin

26
Q
  1. What is hemoglobin broken into?

A

Heme and globin

27
Q

26.What is Red bone marrow composed of?
A

B

A

a. 50% fat cells
b.50% hematopoietic tissue


28
Q

How do you treat anemia?

A

Erythropoietin

29
Q

How is Erythropoietin produced

A

Via recombinant DNA technology

30
Q
  1. Why all patients with a COPD have excessive number of red blood cells in their blood?

A
  1. All individuals with COPD cannot exchange oxygen due to advanced lung disease. produce excessive amount of Erythropoietin (the hormone produced by the Kidney that regulates the production of Red Blood cells from the red bone marrow).
31
Q

Hemoglobin:

Each Globin chain in its center has a

A

Heme group

32
Q

Hemoglobin:

Each Heme group in its center has an

A

Iron

33
Q

Hemoglobin:

Iron found in the center of the heme group is of the

A

Ferrous kind

Fe ++

34
Q

Hemoglobin:

If because of an oxidative event the Iron changes from the normal Ferrous - Fe++ type to the abnormal Ferric - Fe+++ kind, the resultant hemoglobin is termed

A

Methemoglobin

35
Q

Hemoglobin:

Methemoglobin is incapable of binding to

A

Oxygen

36
Q

As there are four globin chains (in a molecule of hemoglobin) with a heme group on each one of them, therefore,

How many molecules of oxygen can bind an be transported by a hemoglobin?

A

Four molecules of oxygen can bind and be transported by a molecule of hemoglobin

A and P II - Test 1 (4 decks)

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