Part 2

Question 1

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 1

Decline in brain function when liver is no longer able to properly remove toxins from blood. Ammonia builds up blood stream.

Question 2

Ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 2

Ammonia produced from breakdown of proteins in gut, normally detox by liver into urea then excreted

Question 3

Acute pancreatitis and risk factors

Answer 3

Inflammation and oedema, systemic inflammatory response system.
Risk factors: gall stones, alcohol, hypertriglycerides, infections.

Question 4

Serum markers pancreatitis

Answer 4

Amylase > 3 times more than limit
Lipase > typically within 4-8 hours

Question 5

Diverticulitis cause

Answer 5

Low fibre diet

Question 6

Events following TBI

Answer 6

tissue damage, hypoxia/ death of neurons, swelling/ ICP

Question 7

Increased ICP and effects inside the brain (3)

Answer 7

Vasogenic fluid causes oedema, restricts blood flow, gradient disappears