Part 2 Flashcards
What is an example of a republic?
Rome
what is a republic?
a form of government in which the power is in the hands of representatives elected by citizens with the right to vote
What was the Senate in Rome?
the supreme governing body, originally made up of artistocrats
What is a patrician?
a member of a wealthy family, upper class of Rome
What is a plebian?
the common merchants, artisans, and farmers of rome (lower class)
What were the Twelve Tables?
laws written by plebeians that stated that all people were equal before the law
What is a dictator?
a political leader given full control over government and military
What was the Pax Romana and why was important?
a period of peace in Rome; it was important because Roman culture thrived and the government was very stable
who was the first leader of the Pax Romana?
Agustus
What allowed Italy to thrive?
Italy was surrounded by water so trade was good and it was able to thrive
What were three societies that lived in Italy before?
Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks
How did Rome become a republic?
an etruscan declared himself leader of all of rome and centralized the government
Who fought against each other in the Punic Wars?
Rome and Carthage
Who won the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Punic Wars?
1-Rome
2-Rome (but after much damage from Carthage)
3-Rome
Who was the major general for Carthage in the Punic Wars?
Hannibal
What was the biggest result from the Punic Wars?
Rome’s territory expanded to the western Mediterranean
Who were the Gracchi Brothers?
2 brothers that helped poverty in rome; civil war broke out after their death
Who was Julius Ceasar?
One of the three triumvirates of Rome. Then moved to Rome and became powerful. Came back with his army from Gaul and took over Rome.
Who was Octavian?
One of the members of the 2nd triumvirate; Caesar’s adopted son
Who was Marc Antony?
Part of the 2nd triumvirate
Who was Cleopatra?
Married Marc Antony
Who was Constantine?
major military ruler who spread Christianity
Who was Deocletian?
Major Roman ruler; split Roman Empire into 2
Who was Theodosius?
Ruler of Roman Empire who made Christianity the empire’s official religion
What is an example of how the Romans contributed to language?
languages were saved in the roman libraries
What is an example of Roman literature?
Virgil by Aeneid
What are two examples of Roman architecture?
archways and columns
What is an example of how Romans contributed to politics/law?
They created the REPUBLIC
What was the Justinian Code?
the roman civil law created during the Byzantine Empire, reunited Rome after being split in two
What is Eastern Orthodoxy?
one of the sides of the Catholic Church after the Great Schism
What are at least two examples of differences between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy?
Roman Catholic priests cannot get married, but Eastern Orthodox pastors can. Roman Catholicism has a Pope, but Eastern Orthodoxy has a patriarch
What Russian leader took the name “czar”?
Ivan III
What is/was the Hagia Sophia?
A very elaborate church created under Justinian’s rule
What were two threats that threatened the Byzantine Empire after Justinian’s death?
a plague and invasions
How did the Church influence the Byzantine Empire?
missionaries were going to convert Slavs to Christianity
Who were the three major rulers in making Russia its own country?
Vladimir, Yaroslav the Wise, and Ivan III
Why was Vladimir (ruler in Russia) important?
He was the first leader
What did Yaroslav the Wise (ruler in Russia) do that was significant?
He brought Kiev to its glory
