Part 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between Sunni and Shi’a Islam?
Sunni believe that the caliph should be elected, while Shi’a does not
What are the five Pillars of Islam?
Fasting, Prayer, Testimony of Faith, Almsgiving, and hajj
Who branched away from the Ummayad ruling, Shi’a or Sunni?
Shi’a
Who were the Sufi?
a group of Muslims that rejected luxury and lived a life of poverty
What was the House of Wisdom?
a center of learning in Baghdad made by and for Muslims
How did the Muslims world effect trade?
They started using checks and loans
How did the Muslims world effect art?
calligraphy
How did the Muslim world effect science?
the created a lunar calander
Why was the location of the Muslim world essential to its growth?
it was in the center of many land and sea trade routes; this led to easy access to people from all over the world; thus leading to the spread of Islam
Define secular
not religious; worldly
What is feudalism?
a complex political system where nobles granted land that technically belonged to the king in exchange for protection, military service, and loyalty
What is manorialism?
a system that is based upon the relationship between serfs and their lord
Define Holy Roman Empire
an empire established in Europe in the 10th century
Who was Charles Martel?
influential leader of the Frankish kingdom who not the king but expanded the empire a lot
Who was Pepin the Short?
leader after Charles Martel; started the Carolingian Dynasty
Who was Charlemagne?
a leader during the Carolingian Dynasty who expanded the Empire to be bigger than the Byzantine Empire
What was the Treaty of Verdun?
a treaty between Charlemagne’s three sons that split up the Carolingian Dynasty and ultimately led to feudalism
Who were in each of the four categories of the feudal social structure from top to bottom?
king - lords/nobles(also included clergy) - knights - serfs
What were the Crusades?
A series of wars between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land
Define the Reconquista
an effort by Christians to lead Muslims out of Spain
What was the Inquisition?
A Roman Catholic effort to investigate and prosecute acts of heresy
What does heresy mean?
beliefs that are against the Church’s beliefs
What was the Commercial Revolution?
It was the widespread expansion of trade and business in Europe
Define Venacular
the everyday language of people in a region or country
What is the Estates General?
A group of representatives from each of the 3 social classes in France
What was the Great Schism?
a division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church
What caused the Great Schism?
3 popes were elected and then they got in a big argument which led to the great schism
What was the Black Plague?
the deadly disease that wiped out 1/3 of Europe’s population in medieval times
What were the cause of the Crusades?
control of the holy land
What were two effects of the Crusades?
- lasting bitterness between Muslims and Christians
- expansion of trade
- lessened power of the pope
Why was feudalism weakened after the Crusades?
Search for personal gain grew and the power of the king grew which led to the weakening of feudalism
How did the Crusades effect the Commercial Revolution?
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How did the rise of the Ottomans contribute to the change if the dynamics of Europe?
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