part 2 Flashcards
often seen in emphysema because of hyperinflation of the lungs
barrel chest
markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages (often referred to as funnel chest)
pectus excavatum
congenital malformation that seldom causes symptoms other than self consciousness
pectus excavatum
is a forward protrusion of the sternum causing the adjacent ribs to slope backward (often referred to as pegion chest)
pectus carinatum
costal angle is within
90 degrees
barrel chest configuration results in a more horizontal position of the ribs and costal angle of more than 90 degrees
long standing emphysema
refers to rapid breathing, typically defined as a symptom and a focused problem within a medical evaluation. The normal breathing rate for an average adult is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. The number of breaths per minute in children and newborns is higher than the resting rate in adults.
tachypnea
an abnormally slow breathing rate. It’s a symptom of an underlying health condition, which may include hypothyroidism, head injuries or opioid or heavy alcohol use. Associated symptoms may include dizziness, confusion and feeling tired.
bradypnea
labored and noisy breathing is often seen with
asthma or chronic bronchitis
retraction of the intercostal spaces indicates an increased respiratory effort. this may be the result of an obstruction of the respiratory tract or
atelectasis
bulging of the intercostal spaces indicates trapped air such as
emphysema or asthma
anterior and lateral thoracic palpation is best for assessing the
right lungs middle lobe
symmetric and easily identified in the upper regions of the lungs
fremitus
diminished vibrations, even with a loud spoken voice may indicate an obstruction of the
tracheobronchial tree
clients with emphysema nay have considerably decreased fremitus as a result of
air trapping
