Part 2

Question 1

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 1

By turning on/off certain genes in an organisms DNA (or implanting genes from another organism), you can produce offspring with desired traits

Question 2

What are desired traits?

Answer 2

Traits that serve us and our way of live (ex. crops that grow well, friendly dogs)

Question 3

What is artificial selection?

Answer 3

The process of selecting and breeding individuals withd esirable traits to produce offspring with these traits

Question 4

What is another word for homogenous?

Answer 4

Purebred

Question 5

What is a hybrid?

Answer 5

The result of breeding a homogenous dominant with a homogenous ressecive. The offspring will carry both traits.

Question 6

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 6

Incomplete domincance occurs when both phenotypes are present in the offspring (ex. A rose will display both red and white colors)

Question 7

What is biotechnology?

Answer 7

Using living things for our own purposes

Question 8

What are the three types of biotechnologies?

Answer 8

• Plant clones
• Artificial reproduction Technology (ART)
• Genetic engineering

Question 9

How do we make plant clones and why?

Answer 9

• Plants are cloned with asexual reproduction, like taking plant cuttings
• We do this because we can select traits we like in plants, like large crow yield or sweeter fruit

Question 10

What is artifical reproductive technology? (ART)

Answer 10

The joining of two gametes artificially

Question 11

What is artifical insemination

Answer 11

Sperm is taken and directly inserted into the female (gametes are joined in the womb)

Question 11

What are the two types of ART?

Answer 11

• Artifical insemination
• In-vitro fertilization

Question 12

What is in-vitro fertilization?

Answer 12

Selected sperm and eggs are joined in a lab. The zygote is then implanted into the womb

Question 13

What are three desirable traits for crops?

Answer 13

• Resistance to pests (insects)
• Tolerance to herbicides
• Resistant to plant viruses

Question 14

What four statements did Charles Darwin say about natural selection?

Answer 14

• All organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive
• There is variation within each species
• Some of these variations increase the organisms chance of survival
• Overtime variations become to common that they become the defult for the species

Question 15

What are the six major extinction events in history? (In order)

Answer 15

• Ordovican-silurian
• Late devonian
• Permian-triassic
• Triassic-jurassic
• Cretaceuos-paleogene
• Holocene

Question 16

What is a mnemonic device to better remember the extinction events?

Answer 16

Observing Lawns Perfectly Teaches Cool Hares

Question 17

What are four ways humans have impacted diversity?

Answer 17

• Habitat destruction
• Introduction of invasive species
• Over-hunting
• Pollution/climate change

Question 18

What are indicator species?

Answer 18

• A species used to track the health of an ecosystem
• Usually a large carnivore, because they are at the top of the food chain and are the first effected when the environment changes.

Question 19

What was the Ordovician-silurian?

Answer 19

• CO2 levels dropped
• Water froze
• Almost all organisms were living in oceans at the time
• Shallow seas drained
• 86% of all species were lost forever (Marine invertebres)

Question 20

What was the Late Devonian?

Answer 20

• Plants on land absorbed the CO2 in the atmosphere leading to another round of global cooling
• Alage grew at a large rate and absorbed all the oxygen
• ## Animals in water suffocated