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Mango Notes > Part 2 (151-300) > Flashcards

Part 2 (151-300) Flashcards

1
Q

Values must be similar for a solution to be considered isotonic with blood

A

osmotic pressure

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2
Q

HYPERTONIC solutions may cause

A

crenation (shrink)

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3
Q

Sodium chloride equivalents are used to estimate the amount of sodium chloride needed to render a solution isotonic. The sodium chloride equivalent or “E” value may be defined as

A

amt of Na equivalent to 1g of solt

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4
Q

Reference source has the most extensive listings of sodium chloride equivalents and freezing point depression values

A

Remington

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5
Q

Second method commonly used for adjusting solutions to isotonicity is based on

A

freezing point depression

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6
Q

All aqueous solutions that freeze at ~0.52C are isotonic with RBCs. They are also iso-osmotic with each other.

A

first false; second true

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7
Q

Capacity of human eye for instilled
ophthalmic drops is approximately

A

0.01 to 0.05 mL

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8
Q

Included in ophthalmic viscosity builders EXCEPT

A

veegum

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9
Q

Main reason for including methylcellulose and similar agents in ophthalmic solutions

A

increase ocular contact time

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10
Q

Presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be of particular danger in ophthalmic solution of

A

fluorescein Na

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11
Q

Microorganism that has resulted in ophthalmic infections in patients using contact lens solution

A

Acanthamoeba

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12
Q

Combination of preservatives that appears to be most effective for ophthalmic use consists of

A

Benzalkonium Cl

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13
Q

Ingredients may be present in soft contact lens cleaning products to remove protein buildup

A

substilisin, papain

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14
Q

Presence of sodium bisulfite in a drug
solution implies that the drug

A

susceptible to oxidation

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15
Q

Side effect occurs in some individuals who are sensitive to bisulfites

A

difficulty in breathing

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16
Q

Sterilization by membrane filtration of an extemporaneously prepared solution

A

for heat labile drugs; for sterilizing small vol

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17
Q

Methods suitable for eye clinic to sterilize 15mL of a heat stable solution packaged in glass bottles

A

steam autoclaving, membrane filtration

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18
Q

Prime reason pharmaceutical companies utilize a lyophilized powder in a parenteral vial

A

increased stability

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19
Q

Ingredient may be included in lyophilized products as bulking agent

A

mannitol

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20
Q

Benzyl alcohol is present in some parenteral solution as

A

antimicrobial preservative

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21
Q

pH is mathematically

A

-logH+

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22
Q

Data required to determine the pH of a buffer system

A

Molar conc & pka of weak acid

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23
Q

pH is equal to pKa at

A

half-neutralization pt

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24
Q

Greatest degree of ionization in water

A

Hydrochloric acid

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25
Q

Weakest (least ionization) in water

A

Boric acid

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26
Q

To prepare a buffer system with the greatest buffer capacity at pH of 4, one would use

A

lactic acid

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27
Q

Drugs intended for formulation into
sustained-release dosage forms

A

for chronic cond, high therapeutic index

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28
Q

Best candidates for oral-sustained release formulations

A

w/ half life 4-8hrs

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29
Q

Trademarked sustained-release systems based on encapsulated drug particles that will dissolve at various rates

A

sequels, spansules

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30
Q

USP established requirements for the amount of active ingredient in dosage forms. Unless otherwise specified in the monograph, the extreme lowest limit below labeled claim allowed for an active ingredient in capsules

A

30%

31
Q

Drug products that utilize the osmotic pressure controlled drug delivery system

A

Procardia XL; Glucotrol XL

32
Q

Drug products are suitable for sprinkling the contents of the opened capsule onto applesauce before consuming

A

Depakote; Effexor XR

33
Q

According to USP, instruction “protect from light” in monograph indicates

A

store in light resistant containers

34
Q

Label for trazodone tablets indicates the presence of yellow ferric oxide. Reason this ingredient is most likely to be present

A

give color to tab

35
Q

Expiration date on the pharmaceutical container states “expires July 2009.” This statement means that by that expiration date, the product may have lost

A

Sufficient activity to be outside USP monograph requirements

36
Q

Pharmacist has reconstituted a powder dosage form to form a solution. Statement concerning a beyond-date is appropriate when determining an expiration date for this product

A

Beyond-use date for nonsolid dosage forms shall not be greater than 1 year from the date of dispensing

37
Q

Reconstituted drug solution assays at 1.5mg/mL after 24 h. First-order reaction rate if the original solution concentration was 2mg/mL

A

0.25/day or 25%

38
Q

By storing the above-reconstituted drug solution in the refrigerator, its half-life is extended to 4 days. The concentration of the drug solution (mg/mL) after 12 days

A

0.25 mg/mL

39
Q

Denaturation is a major stability problem

A

Proteins

40
Q

Chemicals suitable for use as antioxidant EXCEPT

A

chlorobutanol

41
Q

Units for expressing radioisotope decay

A

curie, becquerel

42
Q

Decay of radioactive atoms

A

as first-order reax

43
Q

Radiation has the greatest penetrating power

A

gamma rad

44
Q

Widely used radioisotopes considered to be an almost ideal isotope for medical applications and is commercially available as radioisotope generator

A

Tc 99m

45
Q

Radioisotope generator

A

Ion-exchange column on which nuclide has been adsorbed

46
Q

Cough syrup is labeled containing 20%
alcohol by volume.

A

20mL of alcohol in 100mL of syrup; 40 proof

47
Q

Included in topical formulas as sunscreens

A

Benzophenones, cinnamates

48
Q

Fair-skinned client claims that he normally begins to sunburn in approximately 30 min when
exposed to midday sun. Maximum length of protection could he expect using a sun lotion with
sun protection factor of 12

A

4 to 6 hrs

49
Q

Vehicles for nasal protection EXCEPT

A

High buffer capacity

50
Q

Difference between Senokot-S and Senokot

A

Senokot-S contains docusate plus senna

51
Q

OTC product that may relieve a child’s sour and upset stomach is Children’s Pepto

A

Active ingredient is calcium carbonate

52
Q

Nonprescription drug products useful for weight reduction

A

Alli (Orlistat/Xenical)

53
Q

Herbal products intended for topical use

A

Aloe vera, tea tree oil

54
Q

SAMe has been advocated for

A

Antidepressant (S-adenosylmethionine)

55
Q

Eleutherococcus most closely related

A

Ginseng

56
Q

Feverfew extract

A

Prevent migraines

57
Q

Herbal products may be useful for a 45 year-old who is experiencing hot flashes

A

Black cohosh

58
Q

Herbal interfering with the activity of oral birth control tablets

A

ST. JOHN’S WORT; Reduction in effectiveness of birth control

59
Q

Nonprescription drug combination containing glucosamine to prevent/treat

A

Joint pain

60
Q

Standard methods for extracting active
ingredients from crude herbals

A

Maceration, percolation

61
Q

NOT reported as having effect on blood coagulation

A

Echinacea (for respiratory tract infections)

62
Q

Herbal exhibiting effect on blood coagulation

A

Garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, St. John’s wort

63
Q

Discourage patient from using this herbal

A

Comfrey (hepatotoxic)

64
Q

Herbal with hepatoprotective effects

A

Milk thistle

65
Q

To treat inflammation and boils

A

Ichthammol 10%

66
Q

An astringent/protective

A

Calamine 10%

67
Q

To treat a wart on the finger

A

Salicylic acid 17%

68
Q

To treat a mild case of psoriasis

A

Coal tar 2%

69
Q

Extension of needle that fits onto the syringe

A

Hub

70
Q

Portion of needle that is ground for
sharpness

A

Bevel

71
Q

Shaft portion of the needle

A

cannula

72
Q

Hole in the needle

A

Lumen (bore)

73
Q

Solvents for parenteral dosage EXCEPT

A

parenteral

Mango Notes (2 decks)

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