Part 1 (1-150) Flashcards
Agency in the US responsible for selecting
appropriate nonproprietary names for drugs
USAN
Official standards for individual drugs and
chemicals formulated into dosage forms are
published in the
USP/NF
Descriptions of the Federal Controlled
Substances Act, Approved Drug Products
with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,
and USP/NF dispensing requirements may
be found in the
USP DI Volume III
Prescription drug descriptions expressed in a
layperson’s terms and useful as handouts for
patients may be photocopied from
US DI Volume II
Most frequently dispensed dosage form in
the US
Oral tablets
Classified as alternative medicine in the US EXCEPT
Allopathy
Alternative medical practice that stresses the
use of extremely small dose of drugs
Homeopathic medicine
Rate of disintegration for most commercial
tablets
sublingual -> uncoated -> coated
Tablet coatings used to mask the bitter tastes
of drugs
film, sugar
Diluent in tablet formulation EXCEPT
Magnesium stearate
Functions of lubricant in tablet formulation EXCEPT
improve tablet wetting in the stomach
Trademarked dosage form, enteric coated
Enseal
Sweetener that is widely employed in
chewable tablet formulation
Mannitol
Starch may be included in tablet formulation
Binder, disintegrant
Commission E Monographs are related to
Herbs
Specific drug is available both oral tablet and
liquid dosage forms
Liquid form absorbs faster
General characteristics true for alkaloids EXCEPT
pKa less than 7
Alkaloid powders exhibiting good water
solubility
Morphine HCl
Form of basic drug haloperidol with good
water solubility
HCl, lactate
Suitable as drug excipient EXCEPT
Benzocaine
Included in the drug solution as chelating
agent
Edetate
Ions effectively chelated
Lead
Solubility of a substance may be expressed
in several ways. When a quantitative
statement of solubility is given in USP, it is
generally expressed as
mL of solvent to dissolve 1g of solute
Although most drugs in pharmaceutical
dosage forms decompose following
first-order kinetics, exceptions are drugs
formulated in
Oral suspensions
Early sign of decomposing epinephrine
solution is the presence of
pink color
Process of grinding a substance to a very
fine powder
trituration
Term “impalpable” refers to a substance that
is
not perceptible to touch
Tartrazine may be included in drug products
coloring agent
Term “chiral” is related to a drug’s
stereoisomerism
Advantages of developing chiral forms of
drug
more direct action, economical
Different crystalline forms (polymorphs) of
the same drug exhibit different
melting point, solubility
Example of nonionic surfactant
sorbitan monopalmitate
Literature lists albuterol with two pKas of 9.3
and 10.3. Description most appropriate for
this drug
weak base
Patients following low sodium diets may
resort to the use of sodium-free salt
substitutes such as NoSalt. Major ingredient
in these products is
Potassium chloride
Potassium supplements are administered in EXCEPT
IV bolus
Statements true about fluorouracil EXCEPT
effective only when administered IV
Black box warning to a pharmacist
PI
Cautions found in drug product inserts in
order of least serious to most serious
Precaution, warning, CI
Comparison of individual amino acids
present in commercial amino acid injection
solution may be found in
Facts and comparison; Trissel’s handbook of injectable drugs
Release of an ingredient from packaging components into the actual product is best described by the term
leaching
Gauge numbers used to size hypodermic
needles reflect the needle
external diameter, cannula
Designation “winged” needles is most closely
associated with which type of injection
IV
Insulin preparations are usually administered
by
SC
Needle most suited for the administration of
insulin solutions
25G 5/8”
Term “venoclysis” is closely associated with
IV Infusion
Designation “mini bottles” refers to
partially filled parenteral with 50 to 150mL volume
Term “piggyback” is most commonly
associated with
Intermittent therapy
Refer to parenteral nutrition
TPN/TNA
Approximate maximum volume of fluid that
should be administered daily by IV infusion to
stabilized patient
4L
Although isotonicity is desirable for almost all
parenterals, it is particularly critical to
SC
Suspension is suitable for EXCEPT
IV
Most appropriate medical order requiring an
intravenous bolus injection
IVP
Even distribution of drug into the blood after
an IV bolus injection can be expected
within 4 mins
Quantities of all ingredients present in
parenteral solutions must be specified on the
label EXCEPT for
isotonicity, and pH adjustors
Usual expiration dating should be placed on
a parenteral admixture prepared in hospital
pharmacy
24hr
Parenteral solutions that are isotonic with
human RBCs have an osmolality of
approximately how many mOsm/L
300
Injectables isotonic with human RBCs
D5W; D 2.5/0.45NS
Osmotic pressure of 1 0.1-mol dextrose
solution will be approximately __ times that
of 0.1-mol sodium chloride solution
0.5
Parenteral solution considered most closely
approximate the extracellular fluid of the
human body
LRS (Hartmann)
Injection routes limited to volumes of ≤ 1 mL
SC
Parenteral antibiotic least suitable for
surgical prophylaxis
Tetracycline
IM injection site suitable for a small child (<3
years of age)
Vastus lateralis
Parenteral routes of administration
considered suitable for heparin sodium
injection USP
Continuous IV infusion, sc
commonly employed for the administration of
insulin USP
Continuous IV infusion, im
Regular insulin
can be otc, short plasma half-life
Parenteral system “ADD-Vantage” is
vial attached to minibag of diluent
IVAC’s controlled-release infusion system (CRIS) is best described as
plastic disposable adaptor
Example of implantable catheter for the
administration of parenteral solution is
Port-A-Cath
Pharmacy Bulk Packages
for prep of sterile parenterals, no antimicrobial preservative
Parenteral container of potassium chloride concentrate must be packaged
black flip-off button
Usual maximum volume allowed as a
parenteral package for Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
30 mL
Benzyl alcohol is of specific danger in
Neonates
Vitamins possess antioxidant properties
Ascorbic acid
Parenteral antibiotic is most suitable in an aqueous solution
Gentamicin sulfate
Biologicals can be used to obtain either
active or passive immunity
Active: Toxoid, vaccine
Passive: anti-serm, antitoxin, immune serum
Vaccine used for active immunization against measles (rubeola)
Attenuvax
Route of administration of tuberculin USP
ID
Tuberculin syringes are
1mL w/ 0.05 accuracy
Vaccines for administration to children EXCEPT
Herpes
Immune serum globulin (gamma globulin) is usually administered by
IM
Pediatrix is a combination vaccine for EXCEPT
Hepa C
Vaccines NOT administered to pregnant
women
MMR
Preparation induces passive rather than
active immunity
Botox
Descriptions of toxoids EXCEPT
permanent immunity
DTP series of injections is intended for
administration to
Infants
Both Adacel and Boostix are examples of newer Tdap vaccines. Adcel differ from Boostix:
can be used for elders
Good candidates for pneumonia vaccine
Geriatrics, young adults
Usual storage condition specified for
biologicals
2-8
Viral infections EXCEPT
Typhoid fever
Techniques in the development of
“biotechnological drugs”
Gene splicing, monoclonal antibodies
Used to prepare “targeted drug delivery
systems”
Liposomes, nanoparticles
Most of the recently developed biotechnological drugs as formulated in this dosage form
parenteral
Diagnostic test incorporates monoclonal antibodies into the testing procedure
ovulation, pregnancy
Tablet which quickly dissolve in the mouth with the intent of being swallowed for GIT absorption
rapidly dissolving
Mechanism OraSolv compressed tablet
disintegrates
effervescence
Baxter intermates
elastomeric balloon
PCA devices
Px may be ambulatory, bolus dosing
Hospital pharmacist has reviewed several clinical papers concerning irritable bowel syndrome and is preparing a summary comparing the findings for publication.
Meta-analysis
Client in retail pharmacy asks the pharmacist where she might find a new lotion product that contains ECAMSULE. Section of the pharmacy should the pharmacist direct her
sun screen
Considered effective in the treatment of
accidental drug poisoning
activated charcoal, ipecac syrup
Most iron salts are administered orally, a commercially available parenteral product
DexFerrum
Iron sucrose injection
for iron deficiency anemia for pax undergoing hemodialysis
Chemical is effective and safe drug in
treatment of either diarrhea or constipation
polycarbophil
Simethicone is most likely to be included in this type of OTC product
antacid
Ingredient substituted in many OTC
antidiarrheal product as a replacement for the adsorbent attapulgite
bismuth subsalicylate
Suggested dosing regimen for loperamide 2 mg tablets for diarrhea
immediate 2 tab, one tab after loose stool
Common building block for liposomes
phospholipid
Liposomal dosage forms can be
administered
parenteral, oral, topical
Parenteral products have been formulated into liposomal dosage forms
amphotericin, daunorubicin
Doxorubicin HCl (Doxil) liposomal formula
stealth liposomes
OTC internal analgesics contains
magnesium salicylate
Doan’s original
Dextromethorphan as cough suppressant EXCEPT
max adult dose 30mg
Disadvantages of calcium carbonate EXCEPT
Capacity for acid neutralization is poor
Contain calcium carbonate as active ingredient
Rolaids/Titralac chewable tab
Antacid product is a chemical combination of aluminum and magnesium hydroxides
Riopan
Drugs have label warnings against their use during pregnancy especially during the last trimester
Aspirin, Ibuprofen
Statement about bisacodyl EXCEPT
Tablets may be administered with milk to avoid GI irritation
OTC products containing bisacodyl as active ingredient EXCEPT
ExLax, Regular
Tablet dissolution EXCEPT
Increasing tab compression, increases dissolution
Product label indicates storage in a
refrigerator
Cold: 2-8
Patient requests a container of Abreva.
Section of pharmacy would this product be likely stocked
Cold sore
Aspertame is included in some drug products
sweetener
Term “circadian rhythm” refers
cycle approx. 24 hr
Antihypertensive drug product that is based on circadian rhythm
Covera-HS (Verapamil)
Properties desirable in a pharmaceutical suspension
Pseudoplastic flow, thixotrophy
Inhalation aerosol dosage forms
avoid first-pass effect, rapid onset
Internal analgesic products contain
ketoprofen
actron
Characteristic of first-degree burn
erythema, pain, no blister
Dextranomer (Debrisan by Johnson & Johnson) EXCEPT
Effective in healing both secreting nad nonsecreting wound
Effective local anesthetics present in OTC burn remedies
benzocaine; lidocaine
For effectiveness as local anesthetic, the
level of benzocaine in a topical preparation should
at least 5%
“French” scale commonly used for denoting diameters of
Urinary catheter & enteral feeding tube
Basal thermometer
estimate ovulation
Rectal clinical thermometers differ from oral thermometers in
bulb shape
Allergic reactions to insect bites and stings EXCEPT
Toxicity of venom main cause of death
Emergency insect sting and bite kits contains EXCEPT
Torniquet
Ointment contains 2,000 units of enzyme per gram. Drug’s half-life if the decomposition rate is calculated to be 50 units per month
20 months
Manufacturer’s decides to market the above enzyme
ointment at higher strength of 4,000 units per gram.
Approximate expiration date if standard of not less than
90% labeled claim is established
8 months
Pamabrom is present in certain OTC
products as
Diuretic
Ingredient has been recognized by FDA for the removal of ear cerumen
Carbamide peroxide
Improve the absorption of drug into the skin EXCEPT
ointment base with excellent solubility
Melatonin is available in some products
sleep aid
Most appropriate procedure for using
Melatonin to prevent jet lag
take after reaching diff time zone
Most commercial vaginal suppositories
PEG
Diluent usually used for compressed vaginal tablet formulation
Lactose
Rectal drug administration except
predictable release and absorption
Vaginal suppository with contraceptive property
Semicid
Carbomers included in topical products
thickening agent
Colligative properties are useful in
determining
tonicity
Colligative properties of solution
Related to total number of solute
