Part 2

Question 1

Ringing

Answer 1

A . Kronig cement = 2 parts paraffin + 4-9 parts colophonium resin
b. Durofix (cellulose adhesives)

Question 2

pH of 10% NBF

Answer 2

pH 7.2-7.4

Question 3

Best vital dye

Answer 3

Neutral red

Question 4

Plane concave knife is for

Answer 4

Sliding microtome
Base-sledge microtome
Rotary Microtome
Rocking microtome

Question 5

Biconcave knife

Answer 5

Rotary microtome

Question 6

Plane wedge knife

Answer 6

Sliding microtome
Base sledge microtome

Question 7

5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Answer 7

Rubor - redness
Calor. - heat
Dolor - pain
Tumor - swelling
Funtio laesa - loss of function

Question 8

Acute inflammation

Answer 8

Vascular & exudative

Question 9

Intergrade between acute & chronic

Answer 9

Subchronic inflammation

Question 10

Vascular & fibroblastic

Answer 10

Chronic inflammation

Question 11

Organ/Tissue smaller than normal

Answer 11

Retrogressive changes

Question 12

Incomplete/defective development of a tissue/organ

Answer 12

Aplasia

Question 13

Failure to form an opening

Answer 13

Atresia

Question 14

Failure of an organ to reach its matured size

Answer 14

Hypoplasia

Question 15

Complete non-appearance of an organ

Answer 15

Agenesia

Question 16

Examples of Pathologic atrophy

Answer 16

Vascular atrophy
Pressure atrophy
Atrophy of disuse
Exhaustion atrophy
Endocrine atrophy

Question 17

Increased tissue size due to increased cell size

Answer 17

Hypertrophy

Question 18

Increased tissue size due to increased cell number

Answer 18

Hyperplasia

Question 19

Ex. Enlargement of one kidney

Answer 19

Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 20

Ex. Endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 20

Pathologic hyperplasia

Question 21

Tissues have abnormalities

Answer 21

Degenerative Changes

Question 22

Organ/Tissue larger than normal

Answer 22

Progressive Changes

Question 23

Reversible

Answer 23

Metaplasia
Dysplasia

Question 24

Irreversible
Criterion toward malignancy

Answer 24

Anaplasia/ Dedifferentiation

Question 25

Continuous abnormal proliferation of cells w/o control (no purpose/function)

Answer 25

Neoplasia/tumor

Question 26

Compound tumors
Greek: Monstrous tumors

Answer 26

Teratomas

Question 27

May contain hair, teeth, bones w/ heartbeat

Answer 27

Teratomas

Question 28

Programmed cell death (cellular suicide)

Answer 28

Apoptosis

Question 29

Physiologic cell death

Answer 29

Necrobiosis

Question 30

Pathologic cell death

Answer 30

Necrosis

Question 31

Most common type of necrosis

Answer 31

Coagulation necrosis

Question 32

1’ changes During somatic death

Answer 32

“CRC”: circulatory, respiratory, CNS failure

Question 33

2’ changes After somatic death

Answer 33

“ARLP DPA”: Algor mortis, Rigor mortis, Livor mortis, Postmortem clotting, Dessication, Putrefaction, Autolysis

Question 34

Postmortem cooling

Answer 34

Algor mortis (1st)

Question 35

Stiffening

Answer 35

Rigor mortis (2nd)

Question 36

Lividity/suggillations
Purplish discoloration

Answer 36

Livor mortis

Question 37

Drying and wrinkling of the anterior chamber of the eye

Answer 37

Desiccation

Question 38

Invasion of intestinal microorganisms

Answer 38

Putrefaction

Question 39

Self digestion of cells

Answer 39

Autolysis

Question 40

Smear preparation

Answer 40

a. streaking
b. spreading
C. Touch preparation
D. Pull apart

Question 41

Fixing smear

Answer 41

95% ethanol = commonly used
Spray fixatives = 1 ft away

Question 42

Pap Smear by?

Answer 42

Dr. George Papanicolau (1940)