Part 135

Question 1

If you must deviate from the rules outlined in 14 CFR 135 in the case of any emergency who must you notify and in what timeline?

14 CFR 135.19

Answer 1

Each person who, under the authority of this section, deviates from a rule of this part shall, within 10 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays, after the deviation, send to the responsible Flight Standards office charged with the overall inspection of the certificate holder a complete report of the aircraft operation involved, including a description of the deviation and reasons for it.

Question 2

What are the manual requirements under 14 CFR 135?

14 CFR 135.21

Answer 2

Each certificate holder shall prepare and keep current a manual setting forth the certificate holder’s procedures and policies acceptable to the Administrator. This manual must be used by the certificate holder’s flight, ground, and maintenance personnel in conducting its operations

Question 3

While the carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances don’t change under Part 135 from what is outlined in part 91, what is the risk in doing so for the certificate holder?

14 CFR 135.41

Answer 3

If any aircraft owned or leased by a holder is engaged in any operation that the certificate holder knows to be in violation of § 91.19(a) of this chapter, that operation is a basis for suspending or revoking the certificate.

Question 4

Recordkeeping requirements

14 CFR 135.63

Answer 4

The certificate holder shall keep at its principal business office or at other places approved by the Administrator, and shall make available for inspection:
1. The certificate holder’s operating certificate;
2. The certificate holder’s operations specifications;
3. A current list of the aircraft used or available for use in operations under this part and the operations for which each is equipped; (records must be kept for 6 months)
4. An individual record of each pilot used in operations under this part (records must be kept for 12 months)
5. An individual record for each flight attendant (records must be kept for 12 months)

Question 5

Load manifest requirements

14 CFR 135.63

Answer 5

For multiengine aircraft the manifest must be prepared, in duplicate, before each takeoff and must include:
1. The number of passengers;
2. The total weight of the loaded aircraft;
3. The maximum allowable takeoff weight for that flight;
4. The center of gravity limits;
5. The center of gravity of the loaded aircraft
6. The registration number of the aircraft or flight number;
7. The origin and destination; and
8. Identification of crew members and their crew position assignments.

The pilot in command of an aircraft for which a load manifest must be prepared shall carry a copy of the completed load manifest in the aircraft to its destination. The certificate holder shall keep copies of completed load manifests for at least 30 days at its principal operations base, or at another location used by it and approved by the Administrator.

Question 6

Do maintenance logs need to be carried onboard aircraft?

14 CFR 135.65

Answer 6

Yes - Each certificate holder shall provide an aircraft maintenance log to be carried on board each aircraft for recording or deferring mechanical irregularities and their correction.

PIC must update the log if mechanical irregularities arise during flights.

Question 7

Do you need to report hazardous weather you encounter while in flight?

14 CFR 135.67

Answer 7

Yes - Whenever a pilot encounters a potentially hazardous meteorological condition or an irregularity in a ground facility or navigation aid in flight, the knowledge of which the pilot considers essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot shall notify an appropriate ground radio station as soon as practicable.

Question 8

Flight locating requirements

14 CFR 135.79

Answer 8

Each certificate holder must have procedures established for locating each flight, for which an FAA flight plan is not filed, that—
1. Provide the certificate holder with at least the information required to be included in a VFR flight plan;
2. Provide for timely notification of an FAA facility or search and rescue facility, if an aircraft is overdue or missing; and
3. Provide the certificate holder with the location, date, and estimated time for reestablishing communications, if the flight will operate in an area where communications cannot be maintained.

LFN communications center accomplishes this

Question 9

The operator of an aircraft must provide the following materials, in current and appropriate form, accessible to the pilot at the pilot station, and the pilot shall use them:

14 CFR 135.83

Answer 9

1. A cockpit checklist.
2. For multiengine aircraft or for aircraft with retractable landing gear, an emergency cockpit checklist
3. Pertinent aeronautical charts.
4. For IFR operations, each pertinent navigational en route, terminal area, and approach and letdown chart.
5. For multiengine aircraft, one-engine-inoperative climb performance data and if the aircraft is approved for use in IFR or over-the-top operations, that data must be sufficient to enable the pilot to determine compliance with § 135.181(a)(2).

Question 10

Pilot requirements: Use of oxygen in an unpressurized aircraft

14 CFR 135.89

Answer 10

Each pilot of an unpressurized aircraft shall use oxygen continuously when flying—
1. At altitudes above 10,000 feet through 12,000 feet MSL for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration; and
2. Above 12,000 feet MSL.

Question 11

No certificate holder shall require, nor may any flight crewmember perform, any duties during a critical phase of flight except what?

14 CFR 135.100

Answer 11

Those duties required for the safe operation of the aircraft

Critical phases of flight includes all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff and landing, and all other flight operations conducted below 10,000 feet, except cruise flight.

Air taxi which is movement of a helicopter or any vertical takeoff and landing aircraft conducted above the surface but normally not above 100 feet AGL

Question 12

14 CFR 135.101 states the following: “no person may operate an aircraft carrying passengers under IFR unless there is a second in command in the aircraft”. What is our exception at Life Flight Network and other air medical carriers?

14 CFR 135.105

Answer 12

Unless two pilots are required by this chapter for operations under VFR, a person may operate an aircraft without a second in command, if it is equipped with an operative approved autopilot system and the use of that system is authorized by appropriate operations specifications.

Question 13

For each flight a certificate holder shall designate a—

14 CFR 135.109

Answer 13

1. Pilot in command for each flight; and
2. Second in command for each flight requiring two pilots.

The pilot in command, as designated by the certificate holder, shall remain the pilot in command at all times during that flight.

Question 14

Before each takeoff each pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers shall ensure that all passengers have been orally briefed on—

14 CFR 135.117

Answer 14

1. Smoking
2. The use of safety belts
3. The placement of seat backs
4. Location and operation of doors and emergency exits
5. Location of survival equipment
6. Ditching procedures and the use of required flotation equipment (If the flight involves extended overwater operation)
7. Normal and emergency use of oxygen (over 12,000MSL)
8. Location and operation of fire extinguishers
9. For flight beyond autorotational distance from the shoreline use of life preservers, ditching procedures and emergency exit from the rotorcraft in the event of a ditching; and the location and use of life rafts and other life preserver devices if applicable.

The oral briefing shall be given by the pilot in command or a crewmember. Must be supplemented by printed cards which must be carried in the aircraft in locations convenient for the use of each passenger

Question 15

Prohibition against carriage of weapons exceptions:

14 CFR 135.119

Answer 15

1. Officials or employees of a municipality or a State, or of the United States, who are authorized to carry arms; or
2. Crewmembers and other persons authorized by the certificate holder to carry arms.

Question 16

Additional Part 135 general equipment requirements:

14 CFR 135.149

Answer 16

1. A sensitive altimeter that is adjustable for barometric pressure;
2. Heating or deicing equipment for each carburetor or, for a pressure carburetor, an alternate air source;
3. For turbojet airplanes, in addition to two gyroscopic bank-and-pitch indicators (artificial horizons) for use at the pilot stations, a third indicator that is installed in accordance with the instrument requirements prescribed in § 121.305(j) of this chapter.
4. For turbine powered aircraft, any other equipment as the Administrator may require.

Question 17

Fire extinguisher requirements: Passenger-carrying aircraft

14 CFR 135.155

Answer 17

No person may operate an aircraft carrying passengers unless it is equipped with hand fire extinguishers of an approved type for use in crew and passenger compartments

Question 18

Oxygen equipment requirements

14 CFR 135.157

Answer 18

Unpressurized aircraft - supply the pilots when flying—
1. At altitudes above 10,000 feet through 15,000 feet MSL, oxygen to at least 10 percent of the occupants of the aircraft, other than the pilots, for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration; and
2. Above 15,000 feet MSL, oxygen to each occupant of the aircraft other than the pilots.

Question 19

Equipment requirements: Carrying passengers under VFR at night or under VFR over-the-top conditions

14 CFR 135.159

Answer 19

For all VFR flights—
1. A gyroscopic rate-of-turn indicator (except on helicopters with a third attitude instrument system usable through flight attitudes of ±80 degrees of pitch and ±120 degrees of roll and installed and/or helicopters with a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 6,000 pounds or less)
2. A slip skid indicator.
3. A gyroscopic bank-and-pitch indicator.
4. A gyroscopic direction indicator.
5. A generator or generators able to supply all probable combinations of continuous in-flight electrical loads for required equipment and for recharging the battery.

For night flights—
1. An anticollision light system;
2. Instrument lights to make all instruments, switches, and gauges easily readable, the direct rays of which are shielded from the pilots’ eyes; and
3. A flashlight having at least two size “D” cells or equivalent.

Question 20

Radio altimeters for rotorcraft operations

14 CFR 135.160

Answer 20

No person may operate a rotorcraft unless that rotorcraft is equipped with an operable FAA-approved radio altimeter, or an FAA-approved device that incorporates a radio altimeter, unless otherwise authorized in the certificate holder’s approved minimum equipment list.

Question 21

Communication and navigation equipment for aircraft operations under VFR over routes navigated by pilotage.

14 CFR 135.161

Answer 21

1. Two-way radio communication equipment
2. (NIGHT) Navigation equipment suitable for the route to be flown.

Question 22

No person may operate an aircraft under IFR, carrying passengers, unless it has—

14 CFR 135.163

Answer 22

1. A vertical speed indicator;
2. A free-air temperature indicator;
3. A heated pitot tube for each airspeed indicator;
4. A power failure warning device
5. An alternate source of static pressure for the altimeter and the airspeed and vertical speed indicators;
6. For multi-engine aircraft, at least two generators or alternators
7. Two independent sources of energy (with means of selecting either)

Question 23

Emergency equipment: Overwater rotorcraft operations

14 CFR 135.168

Answer 23

No person may operate a rotorcraft beyond autorotational distance from the shoreline unless it carries:
1. An approved life preserver equipped with an approved survivor locator light for each occupant of the rotorcraft except for a patient transported during a helicopter air ambulance operation.
2. An approved and installed 406 MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) with 121.5 MHz homing capability

Question 24

If you have weather radar can you launch when you expect thunderstorm activity enroute?

14 CFR 135.173

Answer 24

Yes - Airborne thunderstorm detection equipment must be in satisfactory operating condition.

Applies to IFR or night VFR conditions

Question 25

No person may take off an aircraft with inoperable instruments or equipment installed unless the following conditions are met: | 14 CFR 135.179

Answer 25

1. An approved Minimum Equipment List exists for that aircraft. 2. Flight Standards office issued certificate holder operations specifications authorizing operations in accordance with an approved Minimum Equipment List. 3. Records, available to the pilot, identifying the inoperable instruments and equipment 4. The aircraft is operated under all applicable conditions and limitations contained in the Minimum Equipment List

Question 26

Performance requirements: Aircraft operated over-the-top or in IFR conditions | 14 CFR 135.181

Answer 26

1. No person may operate a multiengine aircraft carrying passengers over-the-top or in IFR conditions at a weight that will not allow it to climb, with the critical engine inoperative, at least 50 feet a minute when operating at the MEAs of the route to be flown or 5,000 feet MSL, whichever is higher. 2. Latest weather reports or forecasts, or any combination of them, indicate that the weather along the planned route (including takeoff and landing) allows flight under VFR under the ceiling (if a ceiling exists) and that the weather is forecast to remain so until at least 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival at the destination, a person may operate an aircraft over-the-top. 3. For multiengine aircraft, descent or continuance of the flight under VFR if its critical engine fails

Question 27

No person may operate a land aircraft carrying passengers over water unless— | 14 CFR 135.183

Answer 27

1. It is operated at an altitude that allows it to reach land in the case of engine failure; 2. It is necessary for takeoff or landing; 3. It is a multiengine aircraft operated at a weight that will allow it to climb, with the critical engine inoperative, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface; or 4. It is a helicopter equipped with helicopter flotation devices.

Question 28

No person may operate a multiengine aircraft unless the current empty weight and center of gravity are calculated from values established by actual weighing of the aircraft within the preceding ____ months. | 14 CFR 135.185

Answer 28

36 calendar

Question 29

VFR: Minimum altitude | 14 CFR 135.203

Answer 29

Except when necessary for takeoff and landing, no person may operate under VFR— * A helicopter over a congested area at an altitude less than 300 feet above the surface.

Question 30

VFR: Visibility requirements | 14 CFR 135.205

Answer 30

No person may operate a helicopter under VFR in Class G airspace at an altitude of 1,200 feet or less above the surface or within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for an airport unless the visibility is at least— 1. During the day— 1⁄2 mile; or 2. At night—1 mile.

Question 31

No person may operate a helicopter under VFR unless that person has ____ ____ ____ or, at night, ____ ____ ____ ____, sufficient to safely control the helicopter. | 14 CFR 135.207

Answer 31

visual surface reference; visual surface light reference

Question 32

No person may begin a flight operation in a helicopter under VFR unless, considering wind and forecast weather conditions, it has enough fuel to fly to the ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ and, assuming normal cruising fuel consumption, to fly after that for at least ____ minutes. | 14 CFR 135.209

Answer 32

first point of intended landing; 20

Question 33

What must we do if we can't obtain the required official weather report or forecast? | 14 CFR 135.213

Answer 33

* For operations under VFR, the pilot in command may, if such a report is not available, use weather information based on that pilot's own observations or on those of other persons competent to supply appropriate observations. * Weather observations made and furnished to pilots to conduct IFR operations at an airport must be taken at the airport where those IFR operations are conducted, unless the Administrator issues operations specifications allowing the use of weather observations taken at a location not at the airport where the IFR operations are conducted.

Question 34

IFR: Takeoff limitations | 14 CFR 135.217

Answer 34

No person may takeoff an aircraft under IFR from an airport where weather conditions are at or above takeoff minimums but are below authorized IFR landing minimums unless there is an alternate airport within 1 hour's flying time (at normal cruising speed, in still air) of the airport of departure.

Question 35

IFR: Destination airport weather minimums | 14 CFR 135.219

Answer 35

No person may take off an aircraft under IFR or begin an IFR or over-the-top operation unless the latest weather reports or forecasts, or any combination of them, indicate that weather conditions at the estimated time of arrival at the next airport of intended landing will be at or above authorized IFR landing minimums.

Question 36

Rotorcraft: Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may include an alternate airport in an IFR flight plan unless appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate that, at the estimated time of arrival at the alternate airport, the ceiling and visibility at that airport will be at or above the following weather minimums— | 14 CFR 135.221

Answer 36

1. If, for the alternate airport, an instrument approach procedure has been published or a special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the FAA to the certificate holder, the ceiling is 200 feet above the minimum for the approach to be flown, and visibility is at least 1 statute mile but never less than the minimum visibility for the approach to be flown. 2. If, for the alternate airport, no instrument approach procedure has been published and no special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the FAA to the certificate holder, the ceiling and visibility minimums are those allowing descent from the minimum enroute altitude (MEA), approach, and landing under basic VFR.

Question 37

IFR: Alternate airport requirements.

Answer 37

No person may operate an aircraft in IFR conditions unless it carries enough fuel (considering weather reports or forecasts or any combination of them) to— 1. Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing; 2. Fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and 3. For helicopters, fly after that for 30 minutes at normal cruising speed. This does not apply if a standard instrument approach procedure for the first airport of intended landing and, for at least one hour before and after the estimated time of arrival, the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination of them, indicate that— 1. The ceiling will be at least 1,500 feet above the lowest circling approach MDA; or 2. If a circling instrument approach is not authorized for the airport, the ceiling will be at least 1,500 feet above the lowest published minimum or 2,000 feet above the airport elevation, whichever is higher; and 3. Visibility for that airport is forecast to be at least three miles, or two miles more than the lowest applicable visibility minimums, whichever is the greater, for the instrument approach procedure to be used at the destination airport.

Question 38

No pilot may begin an instrument approach procedure to an airport unless— | 14 CFR 135.225

Answer 38

1. That airport has a weather reporting facility operated by the U.S. National Weather Service, a source approved by U.S. National Weather Service, or a source approved by the Administrator; and 2. The latest weather report issued by that weather reporting facility indicates that weather conditions are at or above the authorized IFR landing minimums for that airport.

Question 39

A pilot conducting an eligible on-demand operation may begin and conduct an instrument approach procedure to an airport that does not have a weather reporting facility operated by the U.S. National Weather Service, a source approved by the U.S. National Weather Service, or a source approved by the Administrator if— | 14 CFR 135.225

Answer 39

1. The alternate airport has a weather reporting facility operated by the U.S. National Weather Service, a source approved by the U.S. National Weather Service, or a source approved by the Administrator; and 2. The latest weather report issued by the weather reporting facility includes a current local altimeter setting for the destination airport. If no local altimeter setting for the destination airport is available, the pilot may use the current altimeter setting provided by the facility designated on the approach chart for the destination airport.

Question 40

No pilot may begin the final approach segment of an instrument approach procedure to an airport unless the latest weather reported by the facility indicates that weather conditions are: | 14 CFR 135.225

Answer 40

at or above the authorized IFR landing minimums for that procedure.

Question 41

A pilot who has begun the final approach segment of an instrument approach to an airport and receives a later weather report indicating that conditions have worsened to below the minimum requirements, may continue the approach only if the following conditions are met— | 14 CFR 135.225

Answer 41

The later weather report is received when the aircraft is in one of the following approach phases: 1. The aircraft is on an ILS final approach and has passed the final approach fix; 2. The aircraft is on an ASR or PAR final approach and has been turned over to the final approach controller; or 3. The aircraft is on a non-precision final approach and the aircraft— Has passed the appropriate facility or final approach fix; or where a final approach fix is not specified, has completed the procedure turn and is established inbound toward the airport on the final approach course within the distance prescribed in the procedure; and

Question 42

Icing conditions: Operating limitations | 14 CFR 135.227

Answer 42

No pilot may take off an aircraft that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to any rotor blade, propeller, windshield, stabilizing or control surface; to a powerplant installation; or to an airspeed, altimeter, rate of climb, flight attitude instrument system, or wing.

Question 43

No pilot may fly a helicopter under IFR into known or forecast icing conditions or under VFR into known icing conditions unless: | 14 CFR 135.227

Answer 43

it has been type certificated and appropriately equipped for operations in icing conditions

Question 44

No pilot of an aircraft carrying passengers at night may takeoff from, or land on, an airport unless— | 14 CFR 135.229

Answer 44

The limits of the area to be used for landing or takeoff are clearly shown—For helicopters, by boundary or runway marker lights or reflective material.

Question 45

No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve, as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers unless: | 14 CFR 135.247

Answer 45

Within the preceding 90 days, that person has— 1. Made three takeoffs and three landings as the sole manipulator of the flight controls in an aircraft of the same category and class and, if a type rating is required, of the same type in which that person is to serve; or 2. For operation during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise (as published in the Air Almanac), made three takeoffs and three landings during that period as the sole manipulator of the flight controls in an aircraft of the same category and class and, if a type rating is required, of the same type in which that person is to serve. | A person who complies with "2." need not comply with "1."

Question 46

Flight time limitations | 14 CFR 135.267

Answer 46

1. 500 hours in any calendar quarter. 2. 800 hours in any two consecutive calendar quarters. 3. 1,400 hours in any calendar year. 4. 8 hours during any 24 consecutive hours for a flight crew consisting of one pilot. *This may be exceeded if during a regularly assigned duty period of no more than 14 hours duty period is immediately preceded by and followed by a required rest period of at least 10 consecutive hours of rest; and 8 hours of flight time is not exceeded during this shift.* 5. If the combined duty and rest periods equal 24 hours.

Question 47

At least ____ consecutive hours of rest are required during the 24-hour period that precedes the planned completion time of the assignment. | 14 CFR 135.267

Answer 47

10

Question 48

When a flight crewmember has exceeded the daily flight time limitations because of circumstances beyond the control of the certificate holder or flight crewmember (such as adverse weather conditions), that flight crewmember must have a rest period before being assigned or accepting an assignment for flight time of at least— | 14 CFR 135.267

Answer 48

1. 11 consecutive hours of rest if the flight time limitation is exceeded by not more than 30 minutes; 2. 12 consecutive hours of rest if the flight time limitation is exceeded by more than 30 minutes, but not more than 60 minutes; and 3. 16 consecutive hours of rest if the flight time limitation is exceeded by more than 60 minutes.

Question 49

A certificate holder must provide each flight crewmember at least ____ rest periods of at least ____ consecutive hours each in each calendar quarter. | 14 CFR 135.267

Answer 49

13; 24

Question 50

Generally, pilots require at least ____ consecutive hours of rest immediately preceding reporting to the hospital for availability for flight time. | 14 CFR 135.271

Answer 50

10

Question 51

No certificate holder may use a pilot, nor may any person serve as a pilot, unless, since the beginning of the ____ calendar month before that service, that pilot has passed a written or oral test and competency check given by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot, on that pilot's knowledge | 14 CFR 135.293

Answer 51

12th

Question 52

No certificate holder may use a pilot, nor may any person serve, as a pilot in command of an aircraft under IFR unless, since the beginning of the ____ calendar month before that service, that pilot has passed an instrument proficiency check under this section administered by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot. | 14 CFR 135.297

Answer 52

6th

Question 53

Grace month allowances for tests and flight checks | 14 CFR 135.301

Answer 53

If a crewmember who is required to take a test or a flight check completes the test or flight check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which it is required, that crewmember is considered to have completed the test or check in the calendar month in which it is required.

Question 54

No person may operate a helicopter in helicopter air ambulance operations unless that helicopter is equipped with what type of warning system? | 14 CFR 135.605

Answer 54

Helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS)

Question 55

The certificate holder's Rotorcraft Flight Manual must contain appropriate helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS) procedures for— | 14 CFR 135.605

Answer 55

1. The use of the HTAWS; and 2. Proper flight crew response to HTAWS audio and visual warnings.

Question 56

Are Flight Data Monitoring Systems required for HAA flights?

Answer 56

Yes - Aircraft must be equipped with an approved flight data monitoring system capable of recording flight performance data 1. Receive electrical power from the bus that provides the maximum reliability for operation without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads, and 2. Be operated from the application of electrical power before takeoff until the removal of electrical power after termination of flight.

Question 57

VFR ceiling and visibility requirements for Class G airspace.

Answer 57

Nonmountainous Local Flying areas * Day: 800/2 * Night: 1000/3 * Night w/ NVIS or HTAWS: 800/3 Nonmountainous Non-Local Flying areas * Day: 800/3 * Night: 1000/5 * Night w/ NVIS or HTAWS: 1000/3 Mountainous Local Flying areas * Day: 800/3 * Night: 1500/3 * Night w/ NVIS or HTAWS: 1000/3 Mountainous Non-Local Flying areas * Day: 1000/3 * Night: 1500/5 * Night w/ NVIS or HTAWS: 1000/5

Question 58

HAA IFR operations at locations without weather reporting | 14 CFR 135.611

Answer 58

1. The certificate holder must obtain a weather report from a weather reporting facility that is located within 15 nautical miles of the airport. If a weather report is not available, the certificate holder may obtain weather reports, forecasts, or any combination of them for information regarding the weather observed in the vicinity of the airport; 2. Flight planning for IFR flights must include selection of an alternate airport that meets the requirements of 135.221 and 135.223; 3. In Class G airspace, IFR departures with visual transitions are authorized only after the pilot in command determines that the weather conditions at the departure point are at or above takeoff minimums depicted in a published departure procedure or VFR minimum ceilings and visibilities in accordance with 135.609. 4. All approaches must be conducted at Category A approach speeds

Question 59

Do HAA helicopters require weather detection equipment? | 14 CFR 135.611

Answer 59

Yes and No - Each helicopter air ambulance operated under 14 CFR 135 must be equipped with functioning severe weather detection equipment, unless the pilot in command reasonably determines severe weather will not be encountered at the destination, the alternate destination, or along the route of flight.

Question 60

After completing a landing at the airport at which a weather report is not available can the pilot in command determine weather to be used for future operations? | 14 CFR 135.611

Answer 60

Yes - The pilot in command is authorized to determine if the observed weather during landing meets the takeoff requirements

Question 61

Approach/departure IFR transition minimums | 14 CFR 135.613

Answer 61

**Approaches: IFR to VFR flight** 1. For PinS Copter Instrument approaches annotated with a “Proceed VFR” segment, if the distance from the missed approach point to the landing area is 1 NM or less, flight visibility must be at least 1 statute mile and the ceiling on the approach chart applies 2. For all other instrument approaches, including PinS when the above does not apply, if the distance from the missed approach point to the landing area is 3 NM or less, the applicable VFR weather minimums are— For Day Operations: 600/2 and for Night Operations: 600/3 **Departures: VFR to IFR flight** The VFR weather minimums above apply if— 1. An FAA-approved obstacle departure procedure is followed; and 2. An IFR clearance is obtained on or before reaching a predetermined location that is not more than 3 NM from the departure location. 3. If the departure does not meet the requirements of "1." above, the VFR weather minimums required by the class of airspace apply.

Question 62

Prior to conducting VFR operations, the pilot in command must— | 14 CFR 135.615

Answer 62

1. Determine the minimum safe cruise altitude by evaluating the terrain and obstacles along the planned route of flight; 2. Identify and document the highest obstacle along the planned route of flight; and 3. Using minimum safe cruise altitudes determine the minimum required ceiling and visibility to conduct the planned flight by applying the weather minimums appropriate to the class of airspace for the planned flight.

Question 63

While conducting VFR operations, the pilot in command must ensure that all terrain and obstacles along the route of flight are cleared vertically by no less than the following: | 14 CFR 135.615

Answer 63

* 300 feet for day operations. * 500 feet for night operations.

Question 64

What are the HAA 135 rules pertaining to risk analysis and the documenting of the process? | 14 CFR 135.617

Answer 64

1. Establish, and document in its operations manual, an FAA-approved preflight risk analysis 2. Each certificate holder must develop a preflight risk analysis worksheet 3. Prior to the first leg of each helicopter air ambulance operation, the pilot in command must conduct a preflight risk analysis and complete/sign the preflight risk analysis worksheet 4. The certificate holder must retain the original or a copy of each completed preflight risk analysis worksheet at a location specified in its operations manual for at least 90 days from the date of the operation.

Question 65

What scale of operation requires an operations control center? | 14 CFR 135.619

Answer 65

Helicopter air ambulance operations, with **10 or more** helicopter air ambulances assigned to the certificate holder's operations specifications, must have an operations control center

Question 66

Prior to each helicopter air ambulance operation, each pilot in command, or other flight crewmember designated by the certificate holder, must ensure that all medical personnel have been briefed on what? Are there exceptions? | 14 CFR 135.621

Answer 66

Standard procedures and operations Exceptions: * The briefing requirements above may be omitted if all medical personnel on board have satisfactorily completed the certificate holder's FAA-approved medical personnel training program within the preceding 24 calendar months. Each training program must include a minimum of 4 hours of ground training, and 4 hours of training in and around an air ambulance helicopter * Each certificate holder must maintain a record for each person trained under this section and maintain a record of training for 24 calendar months following the individual's completion of training.