Part 135

Question 1

What is the consecutive FDP limit?

Answer 1

8 hours

Question 2

What is the non-consecutive FDP limit, and what is an exception?

Answer 2

10 hours. 8 hours if single-pilot with auto-pilot

Question 3

What is the FDP limit in 7 days for single-pilot:

Answer 3

35 hours

Question 4

What is the FDP limit in 90 and 365 days?

Answer 4

300 and 1 000.

Question 5

What is the minimum time the PIC may sign in for a flight?

Answer 5

30 minutes

Question 6

Flight preparation consists of the following elements which must be considered (9) -

Answer 6

1. Minimum altitudes
2. Usability of aerodromes
3. Aerodrome operating minima for IFR
4. En-route operating minima
5. Meteorological information
6. Fuel requirements
7. Mass and balance
8. ATS flight plan
9. Documentation for the flight

Question 7

when considering minimum altitudes, what is the difference between MSA, MEA, MOCA and MORA (state the two types of MORA).

Answer 7

MSA: Minimum sector altitude is provided around a fix defining an approach procedure. it provides 1000ft of clearance above the highest obstacle within a 25nm radius.

MEA: Minimum enroute altitude is provided along a route, and is the minimum altitude which will provide obstacle clearance(1000ft for terrain < 5000ft and 2000ft for terrain > 5000ft), and still provide nav aid signal.

MOCA: The minimum obstacle clearance altitude is the same as MEA, but does not guarantee nav aid signal. MOCA is shown on a jepp chart with an asterix.

MORA: This is the Minimum off-route altitude. There two types, grid MORA and route MORA. The grid MORA is shown by two digits, eg 98, and covers a long and lat block. The route MORA is shown along a route by digits and the lette a, eg 9800a, and extends 10nm either side of a route and 10nm beyond a fix along the route. Both provide the usual terrain clearance.

Question 8

(c) TZANEEN CHARTER FLIGHTS shall select and specify in the ATS flight plan, a take-off alternate aerodrome, if it would not be possible for the aircraft to return to the aerodrome of departure due to -
(d) The take-off alternate aerodrome referred to in subparagraph (c) above, shall be located within -

Answer 8

1. meteorological or performance reasons.
2. 20 minutes flying time from the departure aerodrome in the case of single-engine aircraft;
   1 hour flight time at the one-engine cruising speed according to the AFM in still-air standard conditions based on the actual take-off mass for a twin-engine aircraft;

Question 9

(e) TZANEEN CHARTER FLIGHTS shall select at least one destination alternate aerodrome for each IFR flight, unless -

Answer 9

1. Two operational runways are available, which the closure of one will not affect the operations of the other, and each have an operational straight in approach procedure; and, weather reports indicate that within 1 hour before and after ETA the weather conditions are VMC.
2. Or, if the destination aerodrome is isolated or no adequate destination alternate exist, a standard instrument approach procedure exist and all navigation facilities are functional and available 2 hours before ETA, and weather conditions are as follows 2 hours before ETA: 1. A cloud base of 100ft and visibility of at least 5.5km or 4km more than the minimum associated with the procedure, which ever is greater.

Question 10

1. TZANEEN CHARTER FLIGHTS shall only select an aerodrome as a destination or alternate aerodrome if the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination thereof, are -
2. If no weather info is available, or not above the planning minima 1 hour before or after the ETA -

Answer 10

1. at or above the applicable planning minima for a period of 1 hour before to 1 hour after the ETA at the aerodrome.
2. Shall select two destination alternates.