Part 1 - things to remember Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

Why is chromium essential?

A

regulation of blood sugar levels

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2
Q

Why is manganese essential?

A

photosynthesis and enzymes

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3
Q

Why is iron essential?

A
  • oxygen transport and storage
  • electron transfer
  • oxidation
  • hydroxylation
  • H+ transfer enzymes
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4
Q

Why is nickel essential?

A

H2 activation and urea hydrolysis

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5
Q

Why is cobalt essential?

A

B12 coenzyme

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6
Q

Why is copper essential?

A
  • enzymes for phenol, amino acid and sugar oxidation

- electron transfer outside the cytoplasm

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7
Q

Why is zinc essential?

A

enzymes for difficult hydrolysis and hydride transfer

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8
Q

why is selenium essential

A

defence against oxidative stress

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9
Q

why is fluorine essential

A

initiates bone growth and inhibits dental decay

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10
Q

why is vanadium essential

A

nitrogen fixation enzymes in sea urchins

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11
Q

why is tungsten essential?

A

oxioreductase enzymes

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12
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Ca

A

retarded skeletal growth

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13
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Mg

A

muscle cramps and convulsions

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14
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Fe, Co, Cu

A

anemia

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15
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Zn, Ni, Mn, Mo

A

inhibited growth

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16
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Mn

A

infertility

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17
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Cr

A

Diabetes symptoms

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18
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in Se

A

muscular weakness

19
Q

What happens when someone is deficient in As

A

impaired animal growth

20
Q

What happens when someone has an excess of Mo

21
Q

What happens when someone has an excess of Ni, Cr

22
Q

What happens when someone has an excess of Co

A

heart failure

23
Q

What happens when someone has an excess of Mn

A

psychiatric disorders

24
Q

What happens when someone is poisoned by Al

A

anemia, dimentia, death

25
What happens when someone is poisoned by Be
lung cancer
26
What happens when someone is poisoned by Cd
kidney damage
27
What happens when someone is poisoned by Pb
anemia and brain damage
28
What happens when someone is poisoned by Sr
bone marrow damage
29
What happens when someone is poisoned by Tl
neurotoxin
30
Describe the typical coordination environment of Ca (2+)
- 6 - phosphates - AG
31
Describe the typical coordination environment of Mg (2+)
- 6 - phosphates - AG
32
Describe the typical coordination environment of Zn (2+)
- 4 | - HCGA
33
Describe the typical coordination environment of Fe/Co/Ni (2+)
- 6 | - HAG
34
Describe the typical coordination environment of Fe (3+)
- 6 | - GATC
35
Describe the typical coordination environment of Cu (+)
- 3/4 | - HCM
36
Describe the typical coordination environment of Cu (2+)
-H
37
What complexation can occur with a Mg(2+) ion
- 0.72 | - Chlorophyll
38
What complexation can occur with a Mn(3+) ion
- 0.6 | - synthetic oxidation catalysts
39
What complexation can occur with a Fe(2+) low spin ion
- 0.61 | - Haem
40
What complexation can occur with a Fe(3+) high spin ion
- 0.65 | - Haem
41
What complexation can occur with a Co(2+) low spin ion
- 0.65 | - cobalimins
42
What complexation can occur with a Ni(2+) ion
- 0.69 | - F430
43
Describe the bonding in a plastocyanin copper centre
- flattened tetrahedral structure | - Two His, One Met, One cys