Part 1 - things to remember Flashcards
Why is chromium essential?
regulation of blood sugar levels
Why is manganese essential?
photosynthesis and enzymes
Why is iron essential?
- oxygen transport and storage
- electron transfer
- oxidation
- hydroxylation
- H+ transfer enzymes
Why is nickel essential?
H2 activation and urea hydrolysis
Why is cobalt essential?
B12 coenzyme
Why is copper essential?
- enzymes for phenol, amino acid and sugar oxidation
- electron transfer outside the cytoplasm
Why is zinc essential?
enzymes for difficult hydrolysis and hydride transfer
why is selenium essential
defence against oxidative stress
why is fluorine essential
initiates bone growth and inhibits dental decay
why is vanadium essential
nitrogen fixation enzymes in sea urchins
why is tungsten essential?
oxioreductase enzymes
What happens when someone is deficient in Ca
retarded skeletal growth
What happens when someone is deficient in Mg
muscle cramps and convulsions
What happens when someone is deficient in Fe, Co, Cu
anemia
What happens when someone is deficient in Zn, Ni, Mn, Mo
inhibited growth
What happens when someone is deficient in Mn
infertility
What happens when someone is deficient in Cr
Diabetes symptoms
What happens when someone is deficient in Se
muscular weakness
What happens when someone is deficient in As
impaired animal growth
What happens when someone has an excess of Mo
anemia
What happens when someone has an excess of Ni, Cr
lung disease
What happens when someone has an excess of Co
heart failure
What happens when someone has an excess of Mn
psychiatric disorders
What happens when someone is poisoned by Al
anemia, dimentia, death
What happens when someone is poisoned by Be
lung cancer
What happens when someone is poisoned by Cd
kidney damage
What happens when someone is poisoned by Pb
anemia and brain damage
What happens when someone is poisoned by Sr
bone marrow damage
What happens when someone is poisoned by Tl
neurotoxin
Describe the typical coordination environment of Ca (2+)
- 6
- phosphates
- AG
Describe the typical coordination environment of Mg (2+)
- 6
- phosphates
- AG
Describe the typical coordination environment of Zn (2+)
- 4
- HCGA
Describe the typical coordination environment of Fe/Co/Ni (2+)
- 6
- HAG
Describe the typical coordination environment of Fe (3+)
- 6
- GATC
Describe the typical coordination environment of Cu (+)
- 3/4
- HCM
Describe the typical coordination environment of Cu (2+)
-H
What complexation can occur with a Mg(2+) ion
- 0.72
- Chlorophyll
What complexation can occur with a Mn(3+) ion
- 0.6
- synthetic oxidation catalysts
What complexation can occur with a Fe(2+) low spin ion
- 0.61
- Haem
What complexation can occur with a Fe(3+) high spin ion
- 0.65
- Haem
What complexation can occur with a Co(2+) low spin ion
- 0.65
- cobalimins
What complexation can occur with a Ni(2+) ion
- 0.69
- F430
Describe the bonding in a plastocyanin copper centre
- flattened tetrahedral structure
- Two His, One Met, One cys
