Part 1, Section 4 - ARRIVAL AND APPROACH PROCEDURES Flashcards
5 approach segments:
They are the arrival, initial, intermediate, final and missed approach segments
In the case of non-precision approaches, a straight-in approach is considered acceptable if the angle between the final approach track and the runway centre line is ___ or less.
In the case of non-precision approaches, a straight-in approach is considered acceptable if the angle between the final approach track and the runway centre line is 30° or less.
Category A is less than _____ indicated airspeed (IAS)
Category A is less than 169 km/h (91 kt) indicated airspeed (IAS)
What is a Continuous descent final approach (CDFA)
This technique requires a continuous descent, flown either with VNAV guidance calculated by on-board equipment or based on manual calculation of the required rate of descent, without level-offs. The rate of descent is selected and adjusted to achieve a continuous descent to a point approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the landing runway threshold or the point where the flare manoeuvre should begin for the type of aircraft flown. The descent shall be calculated and flown to pass at or above the minimum altitude at any stepdown fix
It should be emphasized that upon approaching the MDA/H only two options exist for the crew: _____ & _____
Continue the descent below MDA/H to land with the required visual references in sight; or, execute a missed approach.
What is a Constant angle descent
The technique involves achieving a constant, unbroken angle from the final approach fix (FAF), to a reference datum above the runway threshold, e.g. 15 m (50 ft). When the aircraft approaches the MDA/H, a decision shall be made to either continue on the constant angle or level off at or above the MDA/H, depending on visual conditions.
What is a Stepdown descent
The technique involves an expeditious descent and is described as “descend immediately to not below the minimum stepdown fix altitude/height or MDA/H, as appropriate”. This technique is acceptable as long as the achieved descent gradient remains less than 15 per cent and the missed approach is initiated at or before the MAPt. Careful attention to altitude control is required with this technique due to the high rates of descent before reaching the MDA/H and, thereafter, because of the increased time of exposure to obstacles at the minimum descent altitude.
The minimum/optimum descent gradient/angle in the final approach of a procedure with _____. Where a steeper descent gradient is necessary, the maximum permissible is _____
The minimum/optimum descent gradient/angle in the final approach of a procedure with FAF is 5.2 per cent/3.0° (52 m/km (318 ft/NM)). Where a steeper descent gradient is necessary, the maximum permissible is 6.5 per cent/3.7° (65 m/km (395 ft/NM))
Speed for initial approach Cat A:
90kts-150kts
(110kts For racetrack procedure)
Speeds for Final approach segment Cat A:
70kts - 100kts
Max speed for visual maneuvering Cat A
100 kts
Maximum speed for Initial missed approach segment Cat A
100 kts
Maximum speed for final missed approach segment Cat A:
110 kts
MSA
Minimum sector altitudes or terminal arrival altitudes are established for each aerodrome and provide at least _____ obstacle clearance within _____ of the significant point
Minimum sector altitudes or terminal arrival altitudes are established for each aerodrome and provide at least 300 m (1 000 ft) obstacle clearance within 46 km (25 NM) of the significant point
The initial approach segment begins at the _____ and ends at the _____
The initial approach segment begins at the initial approach fix (IAF) and ends at the intermediate fix (IF)
The initial approach segment provides at least _____ of obstacle clearance in the primary area, reducing laterally to zero at the outer edge of the secondary area.
The initial approach segment provides at least 300 m (1 000 ft) of obstacle clearance in the primary area, reducing laterally to zero at the outer edge of the secondary area.
45°/180° procedure turn, starts at a facility or fix and consists of:
1) a straight leg with track guidance. This straight leg may be timed or may be limited by a radial or DME distance;
2) a 45° turn;
3) a straight leg without track guidance. This straight leg is timed. It is:
i) 1 minute from the start of the turn for Category A and B aircraft; and
ii) 1 minute 15 seconds from the start of the turn for Category C, D and E aircraft; and
4) a 180° turn in the opposite direction to intercept the inbound track.
80°/260° procedure turn, starts at a facility or fix and consists of:
1) a straight leg with track guidance. This straight leg may be timed or may be limited by a radial or DME distance;
2) an 80° turn;
3) a 260° turn in the opposite direction to intercept the inbound track.
Base turn consists of:
1) a specified outbound track and timing or DME distance from a facility; followed by
2) a turn to intercept the inbound track (see Figure I-4-3-1 C).
The outbound track and/or the timing may be different for the various categories of aircraft. Where this is done, separate procedures are published.
A racetrack procedure consists of:
a) a turn from the inbound track through 180° from overhead the facility or fix on to the outbound track, for 1, 2 or
3 minutes; followed by
b) a 180° turn in the same direction to return to the inbound track.
Unless the procedure specifies particular entry restrictions, reversal procedures shall be entered from a track within ±_____° of the outbound track of the reversal procedure. However, for base turns, where the ±_____° direct entry sector does not include the reciprocal of the inbound track, the entry sector is expanded to include it.
Unless the procedure specifies particular entry restrictions, reversal procedures shall be entered from a track within ±30° of the outbound track of the reversal procedure. However, for base turns, where the ±30° direct entry sector does not include the reciprocal of the inbound track, the entry sector is expanded to include it.
Missed approach phases standard depiction
