Part 1 of Foundations Flashcards
What is a Statistic? What symbols are used?
What is a Parameter and a Population? What symbols are used?
What is a measure of spread?
A measure of spread (or dispersion) is how much we can expect a value to differentiations from the measure of center. It can helps us describe the variety in a sample or population. Note that each type of measure of spread/dispersion measures the same thing… just in different ways/formulas. Click here for more!
What are the measures of spread explored in this course?
- Range
- Variance (Population & Sample)
- Standard Deviation
Fill in the blank: _______ change with the sample
Statistics change with the sample
What are the two branches of statistics? Define them.
The two branches of statistics are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics:
- Descriptive Statistics, as a science, gathers, sorts, summarizes, and displays the data.
- The branch of Inferential Statistics, involves using descriptive statistics to estimate population parameters.
What are the two types of analysis? Define them.
The two types of analysis are:
- Exploratory Analysis uses data to estimate parameters (ex. confidence intervals)
- Meanwhile, Confirmatory Analysis uses statistics to test claims about reality (ex. hypothesis, p-values)
Talk to me about ‘Range’
Range is a type of measure of spread, mathematically represented by:
RANGE = Maximum data value - minimum data value
It is considered the weakest type of spread
What is a measure of Central Tendency?
A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data. The types are mean, median and mode. Click here for more!
Talk to me about Population Variance
A measure of spread, this is the average squared distance of the population values from the mean. Mathematically speaking:
Talk to me about Sample Variance
A measure of spread, this is the (adjusted) average squared distance of the data values from the sample mean. Mathematically speaking:
Talk to me about Standard Deviation
It is a measure of how much we might expect a typical member of the data set to differentiations from the mean and is much more interpretable than variance and is in the same units as our data (which is easier to see on something like a histogram). Mathematically speaking:
