part 1 joints

Question 1

Structures stabilizing shoulder joint

Answer 1

1. Labrum (fibrocartilage) deepen the glenoid fossa
2. Capsule + ligament (weak)
3. Tendons of long head of biceps (pierce inside capsule) + Triceps long head
4. Rotator cuff muscles SITS

Question 2

Disease related to shoulder joint

Answer 2

1. Osteoarthritis (degenerative type, eroded cartilage) –> repair forming
2. osteophyte compress on sensory nerve pain
3. Torn labrum (heal poorly –> recurrent dislocation)
4. Adhesive capsulitis (thickened capsule, reduced synovial fluid, frozen shoulder, pain)
5. Biceps tendinitis
6. Biceps tendon rupture/ Popeye biceps (tendon rubbing against bony spurs)
7. Rotator cuff tendinitis + subacromial bursitis (esp. supraspinatus tendon)
8. Rotator cuff tear/rupture
9. Shoulder joint Dislocation (anterior-inferior): axillary nerve injury –> deltoid paralysis/atrophy, lateral upper arm sensation loss

Question 3

Stability of elbow joint

Answer 3

1. olecranon process of ulnar hooking on the olecranon fossa of humerus
2. capsule + ligament (radial collateral, ulnar collateral)

Question 4

Disease of elbow joint

Answer 4

1. Rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune attack synovial membrane, swollen) with fluid
2. Olecranon bursitis (Student’s elbow)
3. Elbow joint dislocation (posterior) –> avulsion of medial epicondyle and fracture of olecranon
4. Ulnar nerve injury –> claw hand, numbness
5. Medial epicondylitis (Golfer’s elbow)
6. Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)

Question 5

Radioulnar joint movement and disease

Answer 5

Movement: pronation and supination

1. Subluxation, Nursemaid’s elbow (partial dislocation of radius from proximal radioulnar joint)
2. Complete dislocation

Question 6

Structure stabilizing proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 6

anular ligament of radius

Question 7

Structure stabilizing distal radioulnar joint

Answer 7

1. triangular fibrocartilage (so that ulnar is not involved in wrist joint)
2. radioulnar ligament

Question 8

Wrist joint Disease

Answer 8

1. Rheumatoid arthritis

2. Fracture of scaphoid

Question 9

Carpel tunnel is formed by ?
What structures pass through the tunnel?
Disease?

Answer 9

Flexor retinaculum
Structures:
Median nerve
8 tendons from flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus
Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 10

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 10

compress median nerve, wasting of thenar muscle, cannot oppose thumb, loss sensation over lateral 3.5 + related palm + finger tips

Question 11

1st Carpal Metacarpal joint (thumb) disease

Answer 11

osteoarthritis

Question 12

MCP joint disease (knuckle)

Answer 12

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 13

what are lumbrical muscles?

Answer 13

originate from the sides of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus to the tendons of the extensor digitorum

flex MCP joints and extending the interphalangeal
j oints.

Question 14

Tenosynovitis

Answer 14

Tenosynovitis is inflammation of a tendon and its sheath. The condition may be caused by overuse;
 however, it can also be associated with other disorders
 such as rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue 
pathologies. If the inflammation becomes severe and
ensuing fibrosis occurs, the tendon will not run
 smootly within the tendon sheath, and typically within
 the fingers the tendon may stick or require excess force
to fully extend and flex, producing a “triggering”
 phenomenon.