Part 1: Intro to Renal Physiology

Question 1

List six roles of the renal system

Answer 1

1. excretion
2. water/electrolyte balance
3. pH regulation
4. control of the circulating volume
5. hormone secretion
6. Gluconeogenesis

Question 2

What two processes does excretion do?

Answer 2

1. Rid the body of water soluble wastes

2. eliminate toxins and foreign substances

Question 3

List four examples of water soluble wastes

Answer 3

1. urea
2. creatinine
3. uric acid
4. other water soluble metabolites

Question 4

List three examples of toxins and foreign substances

Answer 4

1. drugs
2. pesticides
3. additives

Question 5

What are the three examples of electrolyte balance?

Answer 5

1. water intake = water output
2. sodium intake = sodium output
3. sodium/potassium balance

Question 6

How does the renal system regulate pH?

Answer 6

1. reabsorption/excretion

2. elimination

Question 7

List two examples of pH reabsorption and excretion

Answer 7

1. hydrogen ions

2. bicarbonate ions

Question 8

List two examples of pH elimination

Answer 8

1. sulfuric acid

2. phosphoric acid

Question 9

Renal controls the circulating volume by (2)?

Answer 9

1. control of sodium/water concentration

2. control of blood pressure

Question 10

How does the renal system control blood pressure?

Answer 10

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system —- hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water/fluid balance

Question 11

What are the three ways the renal system is involved in hormone secretion?

Answer 11

1. The big 4
2. erythropoietin to RBC
3. calcitriol (calcium deposition/reabsorption)

Question 12

What is the “Big 4”?

Answer 12

1. angiotensin II
2. aldosterone
3. ADH
4. atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 13

Glucose is created from what?

Answer 13

AA

Question 14

When is gluconeogenesis active?

Answer 14

During periods of prolonged fasting